• Wrap Technologies, Inc. has appointed former New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Edward Delatorre Jr. to its Board of Directors, effective October 20, 2026.
• Delatorre helped introduce Narcan into NYPD patrol operations, guiding the program from a Staten Island pilot to citywide adoption and later sharing the model with departments nationally and internationally.
• WRAP(R) sees a direct parallel in its own work: making Non-Lethal Response(TM) technology, training and policy a practical, repeatable capability that agencies can adopt and sustain.

When a police officer reaches someone in the middle of an opioid overdose, a single dose of Narcan can mean that person goes home to their family. Today, carrying it is routine for many officers. It became routine because someone did the slower work of building the program around it.

For the NYPD, part of that work was led by Edward Delatorre Jr. Wrap Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: WRAP), a provider of non-lethal response technologies and public safety solutions, has appointed Delatorre to its Board of Directors, effective October 20, 2026. The company sees its experience as directly relevant to its next challenge: operationalizing de-escalation.

The Narcan Precedent: From Pilot to Citywide Practice

While commanding NYPD Patrol Borough Staten Island, Delatorre worked with community organizations, elected officials and public safety stakeholders to develop and launch a program that trained and equipped police officers with Narcan, a medication capable of reversing opioid overdoses. The initiative was later adopted citywide, establishing Narcan as an additional emergency response capability for NYPD officers.

The medication itself was only one part of the effort. Putting it in the hands of patrol officers required agency leadership, standardized training, operational policy and institutional acceptance across one of the world’s largest police departments.

Former NYPD Police Commissioner William J. Bratton, who oversaw Delatorre during that period, described the program’s reach, “Under my command, Ed Delatorre demonstrated the kind of leadership it takes to turn a promising idea into meaningful, lasting change. He helped take the NYPD’s Narcan program from a local pilot to citywide implementation, and I later sent him to the Police Executive Research Forum (“PERF”) to help other departments adopt similar programs. What began locally became a model shared nationally and internationally, reflecting Ed’s ability to bring people together, turn ideas into practice, and share lessons that could benefit communities far beyond New York.”

That path from a local pilot to an accepted standard of practice is the one WRAP(R) is working to follow.

Operationalizing De-Escalation

WRAP(R) draws a straightforward comparison. Narcan expanded what officers could do when they encountered a life-threatening medical emergency. BolaWrap(R) 150 is designed to give officers an additional intervention option during certain encounters, potentially reducing the need for more injurious force.

The shared principle is early intervention: equipping officers with additional tools, training and clearly defined procedures to protect lives before an emergency escalates.

BolaWrap(R) 150 uses a Kevlar tether to restrict a subject’s movement from a distance. Rather than relying on pain compliance, it is intended to help officers temporarily limit movement and create an opportunity to gain control, potentially allowing more time for communication, for additional resources to arrive or for a safer resolution to develop.

WRAP(R)’s strategy extends well beyond the device. The company describes an integrated approach that combines non-lethal technology, constitutional policing principles, agency policy, instructor development, digital learning and operational readiness. Its portfolio includes WRAP Reality(TM), an immersive virtual-reality platform where personnel practice communication, judgment and decision-making in simulated encounters, and WRAP Vision(TM), a body-worn camera and digital evidence management platform that supports incident documentation and review.

“With the launch of our operationalized de-escalation program, WRAP(R) is finally in a position to support major cities with an integrated approach that brings together policy, training, and non-lethal technology,” said Scot Cohen, Chief Executive Officer of WRAP(R). “Ed understands what it takes to put new capabilities into practice at scale. His experience will be invaluable as we help departments give officers more options to resolve difficult encounters while protecting the people on both sides of the badge.”

Four Decades of Turning New Capabilities into Practice

Delatorre’s 46-year NYPD career covered several of the functions that determine whether a new capability takes hold inside an agency. He served as Deputy Commissioner of Labor Relations, Chief of Transit, Commanding Officer of Patrol Borough Staten Island and Commanding Officer of the NYPD Police Academy.

As Chief of Transit, he oversaw approximately 2,600 uniformed officers, secured nearly $40 million in federal counterterrorism grants and helped establish an agreement with federal authorities to use the New York City transit system as a testing environment for emerging security technologies. His time leading the Police Academy adds direct experience with the institutional requirements of training, certification, instructor development and sustained readiness.

For agencies evaluating non-lethal options, those are the practical questions: how a capability is evaluated, introduced, trained on and kept current over time. Delatorre has worked through each of them at scale.

“Throughout my career, I’ve seen how much preparation goes into giving officers an option they can confidently use in the field,” said Delatorre. “Equipment, policy, training, and leadership all have to work together. I look forward to bringing that perspective to WRAP(R)’s Board and supporting the company’s work to help agencies prepare their officers for difficult encounters.”

A Board Appointment Aligned with Strategy

The appointment follows other steps WRAP(R) has taken to extend its approach across public safety. In August 2026, the company announced a partnership with XINSURANCE to develop and commercialize the WRAP(R) Safe Response Program, a proposed certified operating standard for organizations that employ or contract private-security personnel. The program is intended to document how security personnel are trained, equipped and prepared to respond before encounters escalate.

Across law enforcement and private security, the common thread is readiness as a coordinated process: prepared personnel, appropriate tools and procedures that hold up under pressure. Adding a director who has guided that process inside one of the largest police departments in the world aligns WRAP(R)’s governance with that strategy. Commercial results will depend on agency adoption, budgets, training effectiveness and the company’s execution.

WRAP(R) believes the history of Narcan offers a lesson for law enforcement innovation: a new technology reaches its full potential once it becomes part of an agency’s established operational framework. Through BolaWrap(R) 150, its Non-Lethal Response(TM) strategy and its expanding training infrastructure, the company is working to give agencies more options for earlier intervention, better decision-making and safer outcomes for officers, subjects and the communities they serve.

For more information, visit the company’s website at wrap.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to WRAP are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/WRAP

About / Disclaimer

This article was produced by IBN Editorial Staff and is intended for informational purposes only. It is not investment advice and should not be relied upon as the basis for any investment decision. Statements attributed to Wrap Technologies Inc. or its management, including any forward-looking statements regarding product adoption, strategy, the contributions of its Board of Directors, or market opportunities, reflect the company’s views and are subject to risks and uncertainties; actual results may differ materially. Readers should conduct their own due diligence and consult a qualified professional. Additional company information is available at wrap.com.

• The company is preparing proposals for at least four additional Texas data center projects, seeking potential customers for its developing Texatron(TM) fusion energy platform.
• American Fusion(TM) is pursuing the acquisition of North Texas property for a permanent research and testing campus designed to support future Texatron(TM) development.
• Several investment banking firms have submitted financing and transaction proposals, with management negotiating terms while emphasizing its preference to avoid highly dilutive financing structures.
• The company is preparing to resume experimental testing at Texas Tech University while continuing engineering work on its pulsed-power architecture and other system components.
• During an appearance on New To The Street, Executive Chairman Brent Nelson outlined the Texatron(TM) platform, its proposed deuterium-helium-3 fuel cycle and its potential applications in electricity-intensive industries.

American Fusion(TM) (OTCBQ: AMFN), a developer of next-generation fusion energy technologies, is expanding its commercial outreach to Texas data center developers, while preparing new research facilities and negotiating potential institutional financing, as the company moves to advance its proprietary Texatron(TM) fusion energy platform toward commercial applications.

In an October 22 announcement, the company outlined a series of developments spanning prospective customer relationships, research infrastructure, capital markets, and ongoing engineering work. Among the most immediate commercial priorities is the preparation of detailed proposals for at least four additional Texas data center projects. American Fusion(TM) expects to present the proposals to the respective developers over the coming weeks (https://ibn.fm/bdLh1).

American Fusion(TM) intends to pursue these opportunities through a proposed Power-as-a-Service (“PaaS”) model. Rather than selling its Texatron(TM) equipment to customers, the company plans to retain ownership and operational control of installed systems, supplying electricity through long-term power agreements. 

The four new proposals add to commercial discussions disclosed earlier in October. In an October 13 update, American Fusion(TM) reported that it had delivered four commercial proposals for potential Texatron(TM) deployments, with those proposals remaining under discussion. The company also disclosed that one letter of intent had been sent (https://ibn.fm/C1yi9).

Alongside its commercial outreach, American Fusion(TM) is expanding the physical infrastructure supporting its technology development program. The company has received an occupancy permit for a new permanent operating facility, which is expected to serve as its headquarters and a dedicated location for Texatron(TM) assembly, engineering and research activities. Management anticipated beginning the move on or before November 1, 2026.

The facility is intended to give the engineering team greater control over equipment preparation and development schedules. A dedicated operating location could also reduce reliance on shared or temporary facilities as the company increases the frequency of its experimental work.

Dr. John E. Brandenburg, Chief Technology Officer and inventor of the Texatron(TM), described the facility as an important step in organizing the company’s research activities. Bringing engineering resources and assembly operations together is expected to provide a more consistent environment for modifying and improving the system.

“Having a dedicated location for our engineering, assembly and research activities is an important step forward for the Texatron(TM) development program. I am particularly looking forward to setting up our new assembly and research facility, where we can bring our equipment, technical resources and engineering efforts together in one location,” Brandenburg said. “We have a great deal of work underway, and a permanent home for these activities will allow us to organize and advance our research program more effectively.”

American Fusion(TM) is also working toward acquiring property in North Texas for a purpose-built research and testing campus. The proposed campus is expected to accommodate experimental testing, specialized containment and safety infrastructure, pulsed-power equipment, capacitor-bank systems and research laboratories. Chief Operating Officer Dewight Cartwright said preliminary planning and surveys had been completed, with the objective of moving toward construction once the acquisition closes and the necessary permits and approvals are obtained.

The proposed campus would complement the newly permitted operating facility, providing a longer-term base for experimental development and future engineering expansion.

American Fusion’s(TM) commercialization strategy also received additional exposure through its October 24 appearance on New to The Street, the business television program distributed through Bloomberg Television and other international media channels. During the program, Executive Chairman Brent Nelson discussed the Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM), describing the company’s approach to developing an aneutronic fusion platform for modular deployment across commercial, industrial and infrastructure applications.

Nelson outlined a portfolio of 12 engine models designed around a deuterium and helium-3 fuel cycle, which is intended to produce helium-4. Unlike conventional deuterium-tritium fusion, this reaction is designed to minimize neutron production and the associated radioactive activation of surrounding materials.

The company’s proposed architecture uses pulsed magnetic confinement, with electrical energy driving the system’s magnetic fields rather than relying on large external superconducting magnets. American Fusion(TM) is also developing a direct energy-conversion approach intended to capture energy from charged fusion products and convert it into electrical current.

Nelson described the company’s ambitions in the broadcast, saying: “Fusion has been coming for 70 years. We think that we’re the first ones to crack that commercial nut.”

The central challenge for American Fusion(TM) remains demonstrating that the Texatron(TM) can produce repeatable fusion reactions and ultimately deliver useful electrical output. The company continues to refine its pulsed-power architecture, electrical switching systems, capacitor-bank infrastructure and related components. It is also preparing to resume bunker testing at Texas Tech University while assessing additional testing locations.

These activities are intended to provide further opportunities to evaluate system performance and refine the engineering configuration. The company has emphasized that the Texatron(TM) remains under development and that additional experimental work will be necessary to establish its technical performance, fusion energy output and commercial viability.

American Fusion(TM) is simultaneously evaluating several financing and transaction proposals received from established investment banking firms. Management said negotiations are ongoing, with the objective of identifying capital that could support research expansion and the company’s longer-term commercialization strategy. The company has indicated that it is assessing potential structures with particular attention to avoiding variable-priced and otherwise highly dilutive financing arrangements. No definitive transaction has been announced yet.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.AmericanFusionEnergy.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to AMFN are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/AMFN

Disseminated on behalf of Metalsource Mining Inc. and may include paid advertisements.

• America’s First Silver Mine — Rediscovered: Discovered in 1838 and opened in 1839, Silver Hill is being re-examined nearly 200 years later using modern exploration technologies to investigate opportunities beyond its historic underground workings.
• Exceptional High-Grade Gold and Silver: Modern drilling has returned standout gold- and silver-equivalent grades within a polymetallic system containing gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper.
• Potential for a Much Larger System: Geological interpretation and geophysical surveys have identified multiple priority exploration targets across an approximately 2.4-kilometer prospective trend extending beyond the historic mine.
• Aggressive Exploration and Major Stepouts: With two drills operating, Metalsource is advancing exploration along strike and at depth while testing substantially greater distances from known mineralization.
• Strategic Investor Backing and Critical Minerals Exposure: Renowned resource investor Eric Sprott holds a publicly reported approximately 16.7%–16.8% ownership position, while silver, copper, lead and zinc are included on the U.S. critical minerals list.
• Strategic U.S. Location and Private-Land Advantage: The approximately 1,300-acre Silver Hill land position, including optioned additions, is situated on private land in North Carolina, with established road access, power and water.

Metalsource Mining (CSE: MSM) (OTCQB: MSMMF) (FSE: E9Z) is a mineral exploration company focused on advancing the historic Silver Hill precious and base metals project in Davidson County, North Carolina.

Combining nearly 200 years of mining history with modern exploration, the company is investigating the extent of a high-grade polymetallic system that has seen limited systematic exploration using contemporary technologies. Its strategy is focused on building geological understanding through drilling, geophysics and historical data integration while pursuing opportunities for discovery beyond the original mine.

The central question is no longer simply what Silver Hill produced historically, but how large the system could ultimately prove to be.

Silver Hill: Nearly 200 Years of American Mining History

Silver was discovered at Silver Hill in 1838, with mining commencing in 1839 at what became America’s first significant silver mine. The operation produced silver, lead and zinc, with historical records documenting shipments to Philadelphia for refining and delivery of precious metals to the U.S. Mint, including silver reportedly used in early American coinage from domestic sources. Despite extensive underground workings, mining ultimately ceased amid metallurgical, financial and legal challenges rather than following a comprehensive modern evaluation of the surrounding mineralized system.

Subsequent exploration identified additional mineralization beyond the historic workings. In 2023, SRK Consulting completed three-dimensional modeling of historical exploration data, identifying multiple mineralized lenses and providing an important geological foundation for renewed exploration.

High-Grade Gold, Silver and Base Metal Results

Modern drilling at Silver Hill has delivered exceptional grades within a polymetallic system containing gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper. Reported high-grade drill results include:

• SH26-07: Intersected 48.04 g/t gold equivalent (“AuEq”) over 12.62 meters, including 210.72 g/t AuEq over 2.74 meters.
• SH26-19: Returned 6.28 meters grading 1,156 g/t silver equivalent (“AgEq”), including 3.6 meters grading 1,789 g/t AgEq.
• SH26-11: Intersected 434 g/t silver equivalent (“AgEq”) over 10.64 meters, including 2,050 g/t AgEq over 1.52 meters.

Successive stepouts have also encountered mineralization beyond previously drilled areas. On October 22, 2026, Metalsource announced that drill hole SH26-45 visually intersected approximately 22 meters of polymetallic mineralization on an 80-meter southern stepout, with laboratory assays pending.

These results are contributing to an evolving geological model that is guiding the company’s exploration of mineralized horizons along strike and at depth.

Beyond the Historic Mine: Testing the Scale of Silver Hill

Metalsource has identified an approximately 2.4-kilometer prospective trend incorporating multiple geophysical targets beyond the original mine footprint. Induced polarization (“IP”) surveys, combined with surface sampling, drilling and historical geological information, are helping the company prioritize areas for further investigation.

With two drills operating, Metalsource is advancing exploration around known mineralization while pursuing larger stepouts to the north and south, including targets approximately 1.1 kilometers north of Silver Hill proper. These more distant targets remain untested, and their mineralization potential must be established through drilling.

Silver Hill’s high grades have attracted attention. Its potential scale is now the central exploration question.

A Strategic American Critical Minerals Opportunity

The United States is increasingly focused on strengthening domestic supply chains for minerals essential to manufacturing, electrification, infrastructure and national security. In November 2025, the U.S. Geological Survey’s updated critical minerals list included silver, copper, lead and zinc — all metals associated with Silver Hill’s polymetallic mineralization.

Beyond its monetary and investment appeal, silver is widely used in electronics, electrical infrastructure and solar technologies. Copper is fundamental to power transmission and electrification, while zinc and lead remain important to industrial manufacturing, infrastructure and energy-storage applications. Silver Hill therefore offers exposure to both precious metals and minerals considered strategically important to U.S. supply chains.

The property’s private-land setting provides an additional practical advantage. Its approximately 1,300-acre land position, including optioned additions, benefits from existing road access, power and water, with no federal or Native American land included in the reported project area. Private ownership can reduce certain land-access and permitting complexities associated with exploration on public lands, although applicable regulatory approvals remain necessary.

Market Opportunity: Precious Metals, Monetary Uncertainty and Domestic Supply

Gold and silver are attracting renewed attention amid mounting fiscal pressures and monetary uncertainty. With U.S. federal debt exceeding $40 trillion in October 2026, investors continue to evaluate precious metals as potential stores of value against long-term currency and inflation risks.

According to J.P. Morgan Global Research, silver prices rose more than 130% in 2025, supported by tight physical markets and gold’s rally. The firm forecasts silver averaging $70 per ounce in 2026 and $63 in 2027. Meanwhile, Grand View Research projects the global gold mining market will grow from $432.7 billion in 2026 to $616.4 billion by 2033, representing a 5.3% compound annual growth rate.

Leadership Team

Joseph Cullen, Chief Executive Officer, President & Director, brings more than 11 years of public-market experience, primarily in the resource and technology sectors, with expertise in investor relations, corporate finance and business development. His background includes experience with Deloitte and VMware, as well as co-founding and managing private ventures in financial services, environmental consulting and technology.

Tom Kleeberg, Chief Operating Officer, is a geologist with more than four decades of precious-metals exploration and development experience in the Carolinas. He has worked with major and junior resource companies, financial institutions, corporate landowners and government agencies, including NASA and the USGS. He was involved in the historic Haile Gold Mine’s rediscovery and early development, bringing valuable regional geological knowledge and operational experience to Silver Hill.

Dale Moore, Project Geologist, supports Silver Hill’s exploration and geological interpretation programs, including evaluating drill results, refining the geological model and identifying priority exploration targets.

Brandon Schwabe, Chief Financial Officer, is a Chartered Professional Accountant and management consultant specializing in corporate finance services for public and private companies. He holds a Bachelor of Technology in Accounting from the British Columbia Institute of Technology.

Adam Falkoff, Director, brings experience in government relations, public policy, technology and strategic advisory services. His career includes work with two U.S. senators and a U.S. vice president, service as a U.S. Public Diplomacy Envoy, and leadership roles at CapitalKeys, Amazon and Microsoft. He leads RARE and holds degrees from Duke University and Thunderbird.

Technical disclosure: Reported drill intervals represent core lengths; true widths have not been established. Gold-equivalent and silver-equivalent grades are calculated measures subject to the metal-price and recovery assumptions disclosed in the company’s applicable news releases. Visual observations of mineralization do not establish grades or economic significance. Exploration targets and results do not establish mineral resources or economic viability.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.MetalsourceMining.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to MSMMF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/MSMMF

Disseminated on behalf of Adaptogenics Health Corp. and may include paid advertising.

• The federal government is working on an interim peptide access policy that would let specialty pharmacies to produce certain peptides while formal rulemaking proceeds.
• Adaptogenics plans to develop delivery technologies to improve the stability, exposure, administration and performance of selected peptides.
• The company has also acquired nutritional research assets developed by Berkwood Research to support a GLP-1 companion initiative.

U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has made his view plain. Americans, he said, are going to buy peptides anyway, so the government should make sure they come from inspected sources. That push could reshape how peptides reach patients, opening new opportunities for pharmacies, telehealth platforms and companies with something more to offer than standard ingredients. Adaptogenics (CSE: ADPT) is positioning itself for that shift.

Kennedy laid out his case in a Fox News appearance this month, explaining that the administration is working on an interim access policy that would let specialty pharmacies produce certain peptides while formal rulemaking proceeds. The report cited estimates from The Morning Call that the peptide market is worth $2 billion to $3 billion.

The policy builds on a July advisory vote. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (“FDA”) Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee recommended six of seven reviewed peptides for the agency’s 503A bulks list, which governs what pharmacies may compound. Five more peptides are slated for review in February 2027.

For compounding pharmacies, the change could be significant. Under the reported policy, compounders would gain assurance that the FDA will not target them for producing certain peptides. The products would still be unapproved drugs, however, which keeps quality and documentation front and center.

Digital and telehealth companies are already preparing. Hims & Hers said in August that it plans to start selling compounded peptides by the end of 2026, beginning with peptides that are already permitted. CEO Andrew Dudum said the company is waiting on full and final rulemaking from the FDA before adding the newly recommended ones. If more peptides move into pharmacy and telehealth channels, standard versions will likely compete heavily on price. The bigger opportunity may belong to companies that can improve how peptides are formulated and delivered. Many peptides are injected, and stability, absorption and convenience remain real challenges.

That is where Adaptogenics aims to differentiate. The company plans to develop delivery technologies to improve the stability, exposure, administration and performance of selected peptides; it is evaluating both noninjectable and targeted local delivery approaches. The company also plans to build intellectual property, moving beyond simply distributing existing molecules. Adaptogenics said it intends to acquire and exclusively license promising assets, and to design proprietary molecules and focused analogue programs. Proprietary formulations could give pharmacies and telehealth partners products that stand apart from generic offerings.

A second avenue for the company is the fast-growing weight-loss market. This month, Adaptogenics acquired nutritional research assets developed by Berkwood Research to support a GLP-1 companion initiative. The work targets muscle preservation, metabolic health and function during medically induced weight loss.

“Medical weight loss creates a major need to preserve muscle, strength and function,” said CEO Dr. J. David Warren. “This acquisition gives us a practical research foundation for an initial GLP-1 companion program while we evaluate proprietary peptides and delivery technologies that may address the same broader challenge through differentiated therapeutic approaches.” In addition to the acquisition, the company also announced the appointment of Dr. Robert Bergia, who previously led protein nutrition research at ADM, as a scientific advisor.

Turning science into commercial partnerships requires dealmaking experience, and the company has added that as well. Antoun Nabhan was named Adaptogenics president and will oversee asset acquisitions, licensing and strategic partnerships. Nabhan was extensive experience in this space, having led or advised on more than $2 billion in healthcare transactions and facilitated two Nasdaq IPO processes.

“The opportunity is to bring strong science and thoughtful dealmaking together,” Nabhan said in the announcement. That combination could help Adaptogenics form relationships with pharmacies, telehealth platforms or larger pharmaceutical partners as the market develops.

While some uncertainties remain — enforcement discretion is temporary, final FDA rules could take years, and the company has said the U.S. policy does not authorize its own candidates  policy momentum is pushing peptides toward pharmacies and telehealth. As that happens, value may shift from simply supplying peptides to improving them. Adaptogenics is building toward that opportunity.

For more information, visit www.AdaptogenicsCorp.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ADPT are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ADPT

• The scale of the need for neurological solutions is enormous; the World Health Organization reports that more than three billion people live with a neurological condition.
• Quantum focuses on neurodegenerative, metabolic and alcohol misuse disorders, pursuing a strategy that pairs pharmaceutical research with commercialization partnerships and licensing structures designed to support multiple potential revenue streams.
• The most advanced piece of the neurodegenerative strategy is Lucid-MS, a patented new chemical entity designed to address demyelination.

Brain disorders touch more lives than almost any other area of medicine, yet they remain among the hardest to treat. Quantum BioPharma (NASDAQ: QNTM) is taking on that challenge with a diversified strategy that spans clinical drug development, consumer wellness and royalty-based partnerships.

The scale of the need is enormous. The World Health Organization reported that more than three billion people were living with a neurological condition in 2021. The overall burden of disability, illness and premature death from these conditions rose 18% since 1990.

Developing treatments for the brain is notoriously difficult. A Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development analysis found that central nervous system drugs had a 6.2% clinical approval success rate. That was less than half the 13.3% rate for other drugs, and the successful CNS drugs also took longer to develop. Those odds make a single-product strategy risky. Companies that build several paths to value can keep advancing science even when one program faces delays. That thinking sits at the center of Quantum BioPharma’s approach.

The Toronto-based company notes that it is working “to develop novel solutions for brain and inflammatory disorders.” Its vision is to become a world-class, innovation-driven biopharmaceutical company that improves patients’ quality of life.

In practice, that mission spans three areas: Quantum focuses on neurodegenerative, metabolic and alcohol misuse disorders. Its strategy pairs pharmaceutical research with commercialization partnerships and licensing structures designed to support multiple potential revenue streams.

The company’s alcohol-related work shows how that model operates. Quantum invented unbuzzd, a supplement drink, and spun out the consumer version to Unbuzzd Wellness Inc. It retains a 19.48% stake and a 7% royalty on sales until payments reach $250 million, after which the rate falls to 3% in perpetuity.

That arrangement lets a partner handle consumer marketing while Quantum keeps its focus on science. The company also retained the rights to pharmaceutical and medical versions of the formula. It is developing one of them, REKVRY, for alcohol misuse treatment in emergency and hospital settings.

The pipeline extends into inflammation and pain as well. In 2025, Quantum’s Australian subsidiary received ethics approval for a phase 2 trial of FSD202. The drug contains ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide and is being studied for chronic pain in patients with mast cell activation syndrome. That trial was designed to enroll 60 patients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Quantum’s two Australian subsidiaries oversee its clinical trial activities in the country.

The most advanced piece of the neurodegenerative strategy is Lucid-MS. This patented new chemical entity is designed to address demyelination, the breakdown of the protective coating around nerve fibers in multiple sclerosis. Unlike most MS drugs, it is not intended to directly suppress the immune system.

In preclinical models of multiple sclerosis, Lucid-MS stabilized the myelin sheath and promoted functional recovery of limb function, according to the company. In August, the FDA cleared Quantum’s IND application, allowing a phase 2 trial in progressive MS. “FDA clearance to proceed with our Lucid-MS Phase 2 trial is a transformative moment for Quantum and the result of years of dedicated scientific research,” said Quantum CEO Zeeshan Saeed.

Financial discipline is another part of the company’s strategy. In its second-quarter 2026 results, Quantum reported that total operating expenses fell 53% compared with the same quarter a year earlier. Combined cash, cash equivalents and digital assets reached about $9.5 million as of June 30, up from $4.1 million at the end of 2025. Management said that liquidity can fund planned operations to at least October 2027. “We brought total operating expenses down by more than 50% year-over-year in the second quarter,” observed CFO Donal Carroll.

While Lucid-MS may be Quantum Bio’s headline program, it sits within a broader plan. The company pairs clinical development with licensing, royalties and cost control. Together, those pieces give Quantum BioPharma several routes toward its goal of better treatments for brain and inflammatory disorders, and more ways to keep that work moving forward.

For more information, visit www.QuantumBioPharma.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to QNTM are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/QNTM

• MindWave is developing an integrated infrastructure model combining digital asset treasury, validator operations, insurance innovation, and real-world asset tokenization.
• Its MindChain Layer 2 and validator infrastructure are designed to complement technical security with institutional risk management and protection.
• New agreements to build and operate AssureChain and AQUAEChain demonstrate how MindChain can serve as infrastructure for specialized institutional networks.

For institutions entering the digital asset economy, blockchain security is only one part of the risk equation. Audits, validator monitoring, secure custody and infrastructure controls can lower the risk of technical and operational failures, but they do not necessarily address what happens financially when a covered loss occurs.

MindWave Innovations (NYSE American: APUS), a subsidiary of Apimeds Pharmaceuticals US, Inc., is developing an institutional digital finance infrastructure model designed to address that broader risk picture by connecting digital asset treasury management, insurance innovation, blockchain infrastructure and real-world asset tokenization within one ecosystem

The distinction is vital for institutional capital. Risk mitigation is not the same as risk transfer. Security controls are designed to prevent and limit losses, while insurance can provide financial protection for defined covered events. MindWave’s ecosystem incorporates both approaches, with its institutional solutions built around digital asset infrastructure, treasury management, validator operations and insurance capabilities.

That strategy is increasingly being reflected in the networks MindWave is building on its infrastructure.

Turning MindChain into Institutional Infrastructure

At the nexus of the broader strategy is MindChain, an EVM-compatible Layer 2 designed for real-world asset tokenization and infrastructural decentralized finance. The platform is built to support high transaction throughput, lower transaction costs, compliance-oriented infrastructure and native RWA functionality.

Rather than requiring every institutional application to develop an entirely independent blockchain environment, MindWave’s approach is to provide a shared foundation that can support specialized networks and applications.

A recent agreement with U.S.-based BlockAssure provides a direct example. MindWave has entered a two-year agreement to build and operate AssureChain, a dedicated insurance and reinsurance network that will run as a subnet to MindChain.

Under the agreement, MindWave will design, develop, security-audit and deploy AssureChain before hosting, operating and maintaining the network. Insurance contracts, policies, premium and payment entries, reinsurance treaties and claims are planned to run on AssureChain, while MindChain will provide settlement and anchor records to Ethereum. This structure is designed to create a traceable connection between a claim and the policy, contract or treaty from which it originated.

The arrangement also illustrates the division between technology infrastructure and insurance operations. BlockAssure will lead the underwriting, claims decisions, licensing and relationships with insurers, reinsurers and brokers, while MindWave serves as the technology provider and exclusive blockchain provider for AssureChain during the agreement.

The significance extends beyond one insurance network. AssureChain demonstrates how MindChain can function as an underlying infrastructure layer for an industry-specific financial network, allowing specialized applications to operate on top of a common technological foundation.

Extending the Model into Environmental Assets

The same infrastructure model is also being applied to real-world environmental assets.

MindWave has signed a 12-month technology services agreement with AQUAE Holdings to develop, deploy and operate AQUAEChain, a platform designed to manage insured ALCI Credits using MindChain as its underlying ledger.

AQUAEChain is planned to support the lifecycle of ALCI Credits, including issuance, verification, tracking, transfer and retirement. The platform is also expected to incorporate registry, environmental-data management and marketplace capabilities.

The agreement provides another example of MindWave using its blockchain infrastructure to address a specialized real-world application rather than treating tokenization as an isolated technical exercise. In this case, the objective is to provide digital infrastructure for an asset ecosystem where transparency and traceability are central requirements.

Together, AssureChain and AQUAEChain illustrate the potential breadth of MindChain’s shared infrastructure approach. One network is focused on insurance and reinsurance, while the other is designed around insured environmental credits. Both are built around specialized applications while relying on MindChain as an underlying infrastructure layer.

Connecting Infrastructure, Treasury and Risk

This broader infrastructure strategy becomes even more important as digital assets move deeper into corporate treasury and institutional financial workflows.

MindWave’s digital asset infrastructure supports corporate Bitcoin treasury operations, institutional custody, governance, reporting and risk management. Its current digital asset infrastructure includes a Bitcoin treasury initiative and institutional controls designed around secure custody, governance and compliance.

Validator infrastructure represents another vital part of that equation. MindWaveDAO operates validator nodes across multiple Proof of Stake networks, including Ethereum, Solana and MindChain, using redundant infrastructure, automated failover and slashing protection. The platform is also designed to integrate validators into corporate treasury models.

For institutions, this creates a link between blockchain participation, operational resilience and treasury management instead of treating validation as an isolated technical function.

The company’s ecosystem also connects blockchain infrastructure with projects spanning environmental assets, insurance and RWA tokenization. Its RWA platform incorporates tokenization, legal structuring, due diligence, custody and reporting, creating another layer between blockchain technology and the institutional requirements surrounding real-world assets.

For CFOs, risk officers and institutional allocators, the broader proposition is therefore not simply about making blockchain infrastructure more secure. It is about building digital asset systems around the full risk picture, including operations, technology, governance, compliance and financial protection.

The recent AssureChain and AQUAEChain agreements offer tangible examples of that model taking shape. Rather than developing one blockchain for one application, MindWave is positioning MindChain as a foundation upon which specialized institutional networks can be built.

As institutions continue evaluating how digital assets can fit within established financial and governance frameworks, that ability to combine blockchain infrastructure with treasury management, specialized networks, real-world assets and financial protection could become an increasingly important component of institutional digital finance.

For more information, visit the company’s website at MindWaveDAO.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to APUS are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/APUS

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. and may include paid advertising.

• SPARC AI has signed an MOU with a European drone manufacturer to integrate and evaluate its Overwatch positioning platform on two fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (“UAV”) platforms.
• The agreement also incorporates Overwatch Intelligence, designed to consolidate positioning, observation and movement data from connected aircraft into a unified operational view.
• Following operator-run field trials in Ukraine and the Middle East, SPARC AI is pursuing additional defense and commercial opportunities, including through a new regional advisory agreement.

Reliable positioning is becoming an important consideration as autonomous systems expand into environments where satellite navigation can be disrupted, manipulated or unavailable. For drone operators, the challenge extends beyond keeping an aircraft in the air to understanding where it is operating and maintaining situational awareness throughout a mission.

SPARC AI (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) is addressing this challenge through Overwatch, its software-based positioning platform designed for environments where Global Navigation Satellite System (“GNSS”) signals cannot be relied upon. On Oct. 26, the company announced a memorandum of understanding with a major European drone manufacturer to integrate and evaluate Overwatch on two fixed-wing UAV platforms, marking a new step in its commercialization strategy.

Under the agreement, the manufacturer will conduct independent testing and validation, with SPARC AI providing engineering, training and technical support. Commercial deployment is contemplated following successful validation, although the manufacturer and its European jurisdiction have not been disclosed. The agreement therefore represents an integration and evaluation milestone rather than a completed commercial deployment.

The planned integration also includes Overwatch Intelligence, a platform designed to consolidate positioning information, observation data and movement history from multiple connected aircraft into a single operational view. By bringing information from individual drones together, the system is intended to help mission commanders maintain awareness of aircraft positions and coordinate operations across a fleet, including in GNSS-denied environments.

The expansion into fixed-wing aircraft broadens the potential applications for SPARC AI’s positioning technology. These platforms can operate over longer distances and durations than many multirotor drones, making positioning and situational awareness important considerations when satellite signals are degraded or unavailable. The company has also reported operator-run trials of Overwatch under GPS-jamming conditions in Ukraine and GPS-spoofing conditions in the Middle East, providing additional context for its efforts to demonstrate the technology outside controlled demonstrations.

SPARC AI is pursuing opportunities beyond defense as well. Its Oct. 26 announcement identified potential applications in commercial operations and emergency response, where positioning can be challenging around critical infrastructure, in urban environments or during disaster response. The company also disclosed an agreement with a regional advisory firm intended to advance defense and commercial engagements in the Middle East following validation of Overwatch on government-owned drones.

For SPARC AI, these developments highlight the next stage of its commercial strategy: moving from technology development and field evaluation toward integration with third-party platforms and potential customer deployments. The progress of the European testing program, subsequent commercial agreements, and the conversion of regional engagements into paying customers will be important indicators of execution.

As demand for autonomous systems continues to evolve, SPARC AI is seeking to establish Overwatch as a positioning and intelligence layer that can support individual aircraft and connected fleets when satellite navigation is unreliable. Its ability to turn these integration opportunities into validated deployments and sustained commercial adoption will help determine the platform’s longer-term potential.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

• Four commercial proposals for potential Texatron(TM) fusion program deployments remain under active discussion.
• The company is pursuing discussions with data center developers as it explores a model in which it would own and operate future Texatron(TM) systems and sell electricity under long-term agreements.
• American Fusion(TM) has upgraded electrical switching equipment and configured higher-capacity capacitor banks for the next phase of Texatron(TM) pulsed-power experiments.
• A technical manuscript prepared by Chief Technology Officer Dr. John E. Brandenburg is undergoing scientific review, with publication and public release planned after the formal process is completed.

American Fusion(TM) (OTCBQ: AMFN), developer of next-generation fusion energy technologies, is advancing discussions with prospective customers while upgrading equipment for the next phase of experiments involving its Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM). In an October 13 update, the company describes commercial proposals under active negotiation, additional engagement with data center developers and a technical manuscript undergoing scientific review (https://ibn.fm/7OAap).

The proposals concern potential Texatron(TM) deployments, although American Fusion(TM) has not identified the prospective customers or disclosed the proposed contract values. American Fusion(TM) said it is also in discussions with four of five additional data center developers identified as potential prospects. It is seeking contact with the appropriate representatives at the fifth.

The announcement provides an update on the company’s parallel efforts to develop its fusion technology and explore possible commercial applications. American Fusion(TM) is considering a commercial model in which it would retain ownership of future Texatron(TM) systems, operate them and sell electricity to customers through negotiated long-term arrangements.

That approach would differ from a conventional equipment-sale model. If successfully implemented, it could allow the company to retain responsibility for the generating assets while seeking recurring revenue from power supply agreements. It would also require the company to finance deployment, operate the systems reliably and meet applicable safety and regulatory requirements.

Data centers are one potential target market because their electricity requirements can be substantial and their expansion can be constrained by available grid capacity. The company has not disclosed the identities of the parties involved, the potential capacity of the proposed installations or a timetable for signing definitive contracts. 

Alongside commercial outreach, American Fusion reports upgrades to its electrical switching capabilities and the setup of higher-capacity capacitor banks for upcoming pulsed-power experiments.

These components are used to deliver and control electrical pulses involved in plasma formation and magnetic compression. The company says the upgrades are intended to support the next stage of testing, while discussions about neutron-detection instrumentation form part of its effort to collect measurable experimental data.

The company is also evaluating additional potential testing locations in Texas. It said it intends to assess facility suitability, equipment requirements, safety considerations and diagnostic capabilities before selecting a site.

“We have upgraded our switching capabilities and have new, higher-capacity capacitor banks set up for the next stages of testing,” said Brent Nelson, Executive Chairman of American Fusion(TM). “We are moving methodically from the proof-of-principle work described in Dr. Brandenburg’s report toward progressively more demanding experiments. We are working to obtain reproducible, measurable data that can be independently evaluated.”

American Fusion(TM) says its approach uses a proprietary Rifled Toroidal Pinch (“RTP”) architecture, which combines pulsed-power plasma compression with toroidal magnetic confinement. The design employs a precision-machined chamber with helical grooves intended to influence the magnetic-field structure during plasma formation.

The company also reported that a technical manuscript prepared by Chief Technology Officer Dr. John E. Brandenburg is undergoing scientific review. American Fusion(TM) intends to provide further information about the process and make the report publicly available following formal publication. The manuscript examines the theoretical framework behind the Texatron(TM) design, including the proposed role of magnetic-flux properties such as helicity and baricity. It discusses a Double Invariant framework and the principle of Energy Scale Invariance as theoretical approaches to understanding plasma equilibrium and investigating whether observations from lower-energy experiments can inform higher-energy testing.

Independent scrutiny could help researchers assess the assumptions and observations presented in the report. “Dr. Brandenburg has put the scientific and mathematical foundation of the Texatron(TM) into a detailed technical report,” Nelson said. “We believe independent scientific scrutiny is important. Once the report completes an appropriate review and is published, we intend to make it publicly available so scientists, engineers, shareholders and prospective partners can examine the work.”

American Fusion(TM) is also discussing potential financing and advisory relationships with investment banking and capital markets firms. The company says it has evaluated multiple financing proposals but has not entered into a definitive investment banking engagement related to a possible national exchange uplisting.

Potential venues under consideration include the Texas Stock Exchange, Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange. No exchange has been selected, and any future listing would depend on eligibility requirements, approvals, financing and market conditions.

The capital requirements associated with advancing a fusion system through testing and toward deployment could be significant. The next substantive measures of progress will be experimental results that can be independently evaluated, definitive commercial agreements and a clearer picture of the financing required to support deployment. 

“Our strategy is to advance the science, testing infrastructure, prospective customer relationships and capital-markets planning together as we work toward commercialization,” Nelson added. “We recognize that meaningful progress ultimately must be demonstrated through testing results and executed agreements.”

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.AmericanFusionEnergy.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to AMFN are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/AMFN

• Earth Science Tech’s ‘conglomerate’ business model has allowed it to leverage its internal tech stack, real estate, as well as ingredient-sourcing and manufacturing capabilities to capture the profit margins at every step that other companies are forced to outsource
• The company is focused on building a vertically integrated healthcare platform that combines compounding pharmacy operations, telemedicine platforms, clinical support, and direct-to-patient fulfillment
• Earth Science Tech now augments its healthcare operations through investments in real estate, asset management activities, and consumer products business

Earth Science Tech (OTCQB: ETST) is a strategic holding company that brings together innovative businesses across the healthcare, pharmacy, technology and telemedicine, real estate, and consumer products spaces. Its primary operating strategy is to continue building a successful vertically integrated healthcare platform that combines compounding pharmacy operations, telemedicine platforms, clinical support, and direct-to-patient fulfillment. It further supports its healthcare operations through investments in real estate, asset management activities, and consumer products.

Through the operation of these autonomous, revenue-generating divisions, Earth Science Tech has created a “conglomerate” business model that sets it apart from other traditional healthcare offerings in that it is heavily insulated from sector-specific risks. Its investment in real estate is also strategic. Through its subsidiary and diversified real estate company, Avenvi, ETST owns a growing portfolio of real estate holdings, some of which are used by Earth Science Tech’s own compounding pharmacies. For its part, Avenvi houses Mister Med’s standalone compounding pharmacy in Texas. (Mister Meds is one of ETST’s compounding pharmacy brands.)

Beyond the operational benefits, its “conglomerate” business model ensures that Earth Science Tech controls its supply chain. In August, for example, the company completed the acquisition of Zoolzy LLC, a wholesale distributor of active pharmaceutical ingredients (“APIs”) and finished FDA-approved prescription products. Operating out of a facility in Doral, Florida, Zoolzy is expected to provide ETST’s compounding pharmacies with expanded access to new, highly sought-after APIs. Moreover, the acquisition internalizes procurement of these crucial raw materials, ensuring that the pharmacies secure ingredients at competitive wholesale prices that enhance profit margins (https://ibn.fm/2wTyS).

By leveraging the collective competencies of its subsidiaries, including in-house tech stack, proprietary MOC Doctor network, compounding facilities, and owned real estate, ETST is able to capture the profit margins at every step that other companies are forced to outsource. These benefits reflect in its recent Q1 financial results for the three months ended June 30, 2026. The company’s net income rose 57% year-over-year, while net cash provided by operating activities increased 108% (https://ibn.fm/E7zvH).

“Our fiscal first quarter results reflect steady, compounding progress and the inherent operating leverage within our business model,” said Giorgio R. Saumat, CEO and Chairman of the Board, of the Q1 results. “All of our key operating subsidiaries remained profitable this quarter, further strengthening our balance sheet. While we are pleased with the trajectory, we maintain rigorous internal standards and are actively focused on driving even greater operational efficiencies.”

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.EarthScienceTech.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ETST are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ETST

Disseminated on behalf of Adaptogenics Health Corp. and may include paid advertising.

• The movement toward a regulated peptide market is increasing its momentum.
• A responsible peptide market needs four things: dependable supply, documented traceability, independent verification and better products grounded in evidence.
• Better products are the longer-term goal, and Adaptogenics’ research programs will be built around defined biological endpoints and development milestones.

Peptides are moving from the fringes of wellness culture toward the regulated pharmacy counter. Whether that shift protects patients will depend on something less visible than policy: proof of what is actually in each vial. Adaptogenics Health (CSE: ADPT) is building its peptide strategy around that proof.

The policy momentum is real. Earlier this month, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) sent an interim access policy for compounding using certain peptides to the White House. The policy could make it easier for pharmacies to compound some popular peptides, including BPC-157.

Access alone does not answer the FDA’s quality questions. For example, the agency has said compounded BPC-157 may pose a risk of immunogenicity, an unwanted immune response, for certain routes of administration. It also flagged complexities with peptide-related impurities and with characterizing the active ingredient itself.

Those concerns are sharper in the gray market. A “Pharmacy Times” review noted that BPC-157 is sold on multiple websites as a research chemical with variable purity. Scott Brunner of the Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding told the Boston Globe that unscrupulous actors are selling directly to patients without prescriptions.

Regulated pharmacies operate under a different standard. Federal law requires bulk drug substances used in pharmacy compounding to come from FDA-registered establishments with valid certificates of analysis. In practice, every ingredient entering a legitimate compounding pharmacy should carry documentation of where it came from and what it contains. Suppliers that cannot provide that record will struggle to serve the regulated market.

A responsible peptide market needs four things: dependable supply, documented traceability, independent verification and better products grounded in evidence. Those four needs line up with the platform Adaptogenics is building alongside its existing nutrition and supplement business.

Supply comes first. In its Oct. 19 strategy announcement, the company said it plans to source peptides from qualified good manufacturing  practice (“GMP”) manufacturers, referring to the quality standards regulators expect in drug production. Verification answers the FDA’s concerns most directly. Adaptogenics said independent third-party laboratories will verify the identity, purity and other critical quality attributes of its peptides. Testing of that kind is designed to catch the impurities and characterization problems regulators have flagged.

Traceability ties the system together. Adaptogenics plans a U.S.-based, GMP-standard supply network with documented chain-of-custody. It intends to rely on external manufacturing and analytical lab partners rather than building its own facilities. That approach mirrors what pharmacies will need from their suppliers. A documented record from manufacturer to lab to customer makes it easier to show where a peptide came from and how it was tested. With inspections and closer scrutiny expected, that record could become a competitive advantage.

Better products are the longer-term goal. Adaptogenics’ research programs will be built around defined biological endpoints and development milestones. Its initial areas of interest include mitochondrial biology and the resolution of inflammation.

That emphasis on measurable science reflects the background of CEO Dr. J. David Warren, a medicinal and peptide chemist with more than two decades of experience. Warren holds 17 issued patents and has more than 50 publications. In fact, his published mechanistic work on SS-31 helped lay the groundwork for elamipretide. Another company later developed that compound as Forzinity, which received accelerated FDA approval for Barth syndrome.

“The opportunity is not simply to identify interesting molecules, but to improve how they are designed, delivered, measured and advanced,” said Warren. “Our objective is to build proprietary assets supported by credible science, clear development pathways and meaningful intellectual property.”

Wider access may arrive before the quality infrastructure is fully in place. Companies such as Adaptogenics that can document, test and verify every step of the process may be the ones pharmacies trust first.

For more information, visit www.AdaptogenicsCorp.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ADPT are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ADPT