• Scott Myers described how PDAOAI searches and organizes an index of approximately 29 million PubMed abstracts to support focused biomedical research.
• Saran Saund presented a four-gene HCC signature associated with survival in an exploratory discovery analysis and an independent Japanese cohort.
• BIO REBOOT connects the platform’s research capabilities with potential funding and development support for selected projects.

Oncotelic Therapeutics Inc. (OTCQB: OTLC) (“Oncotelic”) is pursuing a development strategy that connects biomedical literature analysis with the practical work of developing therapeutics. At Drug Discovery 2026 in Burlingame, California, Scott Myers and Saran Saund showed how the company’s PDAOAI platform can help researchers organize scientific evidence and develop hypotheses for further investigation.

Myers, Oncotelic’s Product Manager, presented “The Infinity Problem: AI Search Aggregation for Biomedical Knowledge Discovery in Drug Development” on October 7. Saund, Chief Business Officer, followed on October 8 with an HCC case study describing how disease-specific literature analysis led to a four-gene mTOR-related signature associated with patient survival.

For investors, the presentations connect Oncotelic’s discovery tools with its drug-development ambitions. They also clarify the next scientific question: whether a signature associated with prognosis can help identify differences in treatment benefit.

Making a growing literature corpus usable

PDAOAI’s current index contains approximately 29 million PubMed abstracts. Myers addressed a practical challenge: selecting useful evidence from a growing literature base when an AI model can process only a finite amount of information at once.

The workflow combines semantic and keyword search with PubMed filters and reranking. Researchers can search the broader index or supply selected PubMed identifiers and abstracts. Shell sampling explores related ideas beyond the closest matches while keeping the research question in focus.

Partitioned Literature Aggregation, or PLA, analyzes defined groups of literature separately using the same question, then combines the summaries. This gives each group an explicit assessment while preserving each group’s context. Researchers review source papers, assess conflicting findings, and refine questions when evidence is incomplete. Some questions require examination of full papers beyond their abstracts.

An HCC case study with a reproducible survival signal

Saund’s presentation applied that approach to a historical study covering 4.4 million abstract records across 24 overlapping disease corpora. That study scope is distinct from PDAOAI’s current approximately 29 million-abstract index. Assessing each disease separately aimed to reduce the risk that differences in publication volume would crowd less-published diseases out of a limited evidence window. Evidence quality still matters.

The HCC investigation began with an important negative clinical result. As Saund reported, the EVOLVE-1 trial in 546 patients with advanced HCC after sorafenib found no overall survival benefit from everolimus: median survival was 7.6 months versus 7.3 months with placebo, with a hazard ratio of 1.05 and P = 0.68. That outcome prompted a closer examination of whether mTOR-related biology could distinguish patient groups.

The literature work generated candidate genes, and subsequent survival analysis narrowed a 12-gene set to FKBP1A, EIF4E, RRAGC, and PPARGC1A. The adverse score adds standardized expression values for the first three genes and subtracts the standardized expression value for PPARGC1A. Higher scores were associated with poorer survival.

In an exploratory KM Plotter discovery analysis showing 364 patients at time zero, the high adverse-score group had an overall survival hazard ratio of 2.59 relative to the low-score group (95% confidence interval 1.80–3.74; log-rank P = 1.1 × 10⁻⁷). Median survival was 37.8 months in the high-score group and 84.4 months in the low-score group. Saund identified this as an outcome-informed discovery analysis.

The survival association reproduced in an independent Japanese cohort of 203 patients from ICGC LIRI-JP/HCCDB18, using the same four genes and scoring directions. According to the presentation, the association remained after accounting for age, sex, and cancer stage. The research was described in a submitted manuscript cited in the slides.

These findings support further research into the signature as a prognostic marker. They do not yet establish that it predicts benefit from everolimus, the investigational Sapu003 formulation developed through Oncotelic’s joint venture, or another mTOR-directed therapy. Saund outlined subsequent work involving a consistent gene test and fixed scoring formula, laboratory response studies, and controlled patient studies comparing treatment benefit across gene patterns.

Connecting research hypotheses with development capabilities

The HCC findings also provide a rationale for further research related to Sapu003, Oncotelic’s joint venture’s investigational intravenous formulation of everolimus developed using its Deciparticle(TM) technology. PDAOAI helps identify and assess biological hypotheses; formulation capabilities address how a potential treatment could be delivered. Establishing clinical value requires further experimental and clinical testing.

Saund also discussed literature-derived hypotheses involving YAP1 in taxane resistance and FOXO3 in aging and cellular maintenance. These examples broaden the platform’s potential research applications, with experimental validation still required.

Both presenters highlighted BIO REBOOT, which invites scientists, AI developers, biotech founders, individuals, and teams to bring research questions and therapeutic concepts to PDAOAI. Selected projects may qualify for startup funding and development support involving computational chemistry, biological validation, formulation, regulatory planning, and clinical development. Support depends on scientific review, available resources, and agreed terms.

The conference presentations give investors a clearer view of how Oncotelic intends to connect its research platform with drug-development opportunities. Scott’s talk explained the discovery workflow; Saran’s HCC case study demonstrated a specific hypothesis with a survival association reproduced in a separate cohort. The next step is to test whether the signature can guide treatment decisions and inform drug development.

BIO REBOOT registration is available at https://pdaoai.com/bio-reboot.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.Oncotelic.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to OTLC are available in the company’s newsroom at ibn.fm/OTLC

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. and may include paid advertising.

• GPS jamming, spoofing and signal obstruction are creating growing challenges for drones operating in contested and infrastructure-limited environments.
• SPARC AI’s Overwatch platform is designed to provide GPS-denied positioning through a software-based service that uses existing flight telemetry without requiring additional onboard hardware.
• Recent flight tests, including a demonstration with the drone’s camera covered, highlight the company’s efforts to differentiate its approach from vision-dependent navigation alternatives.

Whether a delivery drone is navigating between tall buildings or a military aircraft is operating amid electronic warfare, reliable positioning is essential. As autonomous systems become more widely deployed, dependence on satellite navigation can become a critical vulnerability when GPS signals are disrupted or manipulated.

SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) is addressing this challenge through Overwatch, its software-based positioning platform designed for GPS-denied environments. The company aims to provide an alternative source of positioning without requiring additional onboard hardware, helping operators improve resilience while minimizing integration costs and complexity.

The Growing Vulnerability of GPS

GPS and other global navigation satellite systems (“GNSS”) are vulnerable to interference. Jamming disrupts satellite signals, while spoofing introduces misleading positioning information that can send autonomous systems off course.

These risks are particularly relevant in contested environments, where electronic warfare can interfere with navigation. Drones operating in cities, around infrastructure or in areas with limited satellite visibility can also experience positioning challenges.

When reliable positioning is lost, a drone may struggle to follow its intended route, coordinate tasks or accurately determine a target’s location. As autonomous systems take on more commercial and defence responsibilities, having a fallback when satellite navigation becomes unreliable is increasingly important.

The Limitations of Traditional Alternatives

Several technologies can support navigation without GPS, but each involves trade-offs. Inertial navigation systems estimate movement using onboard sensors, although errors can accumulate over time and higher-performance equipment can increase cost, size, weight and power requirements.

Vision-based and LiDAR systems offer other options but may require additional sensors and processing capacity. Their effectiveness can also depend on environmental conditions and the availability of recognizable visual or geometric features.

These considerations matter for operators deploying large fleets of relatively inexpensive drones. Adding specialized hardware to every aircraft can increase costs and complicate maintenance, creating demand for alternatives that work with existing equipment.

A Software-Based Approach to GPS-Denied Positioning

SPARC AI’s Overwatch platform is designed to address this challenge by processing existing drone telemetry through a network service and returning geographic coordinates. According to the company, the approach does not require additional onboard hardware, airframe modifications or new software installations on the drone.

In September 2026, SPARC AI reported completing flight tests in which Overwatch calculated target locations while the drone’s camera lens was physically covered. The company said the platform generated coordinates using flight telemetry rather than image recognition or preloaded reference imagery.

This distinction could matter in environments where visual information is unavailable or difficult to use. However, the reported demonstration does not establish performance across every GPS-denied condition, and further validation across different operating environments remains important.

Overwatch is also designed to support different compatible drone platforms. By using existing telemetry and returning geographic coordinates, SPARC AI aims to reduce integration barriers for operators managing mixed fleets.

Potential Applications and Commercial Opportunity

For drone operators, a positioning alternative must be practical as well as technically capable. A software-based service could help reduce the need for additional onboard equipment while offering a common approach across compatible aircraft.

The architecture does have an important consideration: Overwatch requires a suitable communications link to exchange data with the service. It therefore offers an alternative to satellite-based positioning, but should not be regarded as entirely independent of communications infrastructure in every operating condition.

Beyond defence, resilient positioning could be valuable for infrastructure inspections, industrial monitoring, surveying and other commercial drone operations. The potential benefits will depend on demonstrated accuracy, latency, communications availability and integration requirements in specific environments.

For SPARC AI, the opportunity ultimately rests on translating its technical approach into reliable performance and customer adoption. Its software-based architecture offers a different way to address GPS vulnerability, but commercial success will depend on how effectively it meets operators’ real-world requirements.

Building Resilience into Autonomous Systems

GPS remains an important navigation technology, but its susceptibility to interference makes reliance on satellite signals alone increasingly risky for some autonomous operations. SPARC AI is positioning Overwatch as an alternative source of positioning that works with existing telemetry rather than requiring additional onboard navigation hardware.

The company’s reported camera-covered flight tests provide a recent example of its efforts to demonstrate this approach. As autonomous systems become more prevalent, solutions that combine practical integration with dependable GPS-denied performance could become an increasingly important component of operational resilience.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

• Mobilicom’s platform-agnostic technologies were selected by more than 50 customers, providing exposure to multiple manufacturers across defense and commercial drones, robotics, and autonomous systems.
• Production deliveries tied to $2.2 million in OPF-L orders are proceeding on a monthly cadence, while the company’s nine Tier-1 platform opportunities span development, initial production, and production ramp-up.
• Recent customer selections combine OS3 and ICE software with communications hardware and ground control stations, demonstrating Mobilicom’s ability to increase its technology content within individual platforms.
• Mobilicom’s NDAA compliance, Blue UAS Framework Select status, FCC Trusted Drone inclusion, AUVSI Trusted Cyber testing, and DD1494 approval support its participation in U.S. and allied defense programs.
• Mobilicom reported $1.7 million in revenue, up 19% year over year, and a 52% gross margin for the first half of 2026, alongside $15.2 million in cash and equivalents and no debt as of June 30, 2026.

Mobilicom (NASDAQ: MOB) is a provider of robust end-to-end hardware and software solutions for defense and commercial drones, robotics, and autonomous systems. The company serves original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) seeking to keep unmanned platforms connected, protected, and operational during demanding missions, including in environments exposed to interference and cyber threats.

Its business combines proprietary hardware and software with engineering expertise, generating revenue through product sales, software licensing, and professional support services. Mobilicom works with manufacturers to integrate its technologies into their platforms, supporting customers from development and testing through deployment and ongoing operation.

The company’s Secured Autonomy(TM) framework centers on platform security, communications and electronic warfare protection, and fleet-level security. Through this approach, Mobilicom aims to help manufacturers bring secure autonomous systems into service while simplifying integration and supporting mission reliability.

The company maintains operations in the United States and Israel, with its operational headquarters in Shoham, Israel.

Products

Cybersecurity Software: OS3 and ICE

Mobilicom’s OS3 software protects autonomous platforms and fleets by monitoring host, network, and application layers and responding automatically to cyber threats. Available through partner integrations or direct licensing, it supports platform integrity, fleet security policies, and isolation of compromised units.

The complementary ICE software suite provides electronic warfare resistance, datalink cybersecurity, and encryption. Base protection is installed on Mobilicom datalinks, with higher protection levels available through software licenses. Mobilicom states that the suite can defend against more than 10 types of cyber breaches and malicious attacks in real time without requiring operator intervention. Together, OS3 and ICE underpin Mobilicom’s Secured Autonomy framework, extending protection from individual platforms and communications links to entire fleets. The company works with mission computer and autonomy providers to integrate this protection into their systems, reducing engineering requirements for manufacturers and accelerating deployment.

SkyHopper Secure Datalinks

SkyHopper software-defined radios deliver secure video, data, and control links for drones and robotics. The recently launched MultiBand combines broad spectrum coverage, adaptive frequency selection, and ICE electronic warfare resistance, while the wearable Tactical model supports ground operators with secure platform control, handoff, and range extension.

SkyHopper MultiBand and Tactical secured design wins and initial orders within months of launch. A returning Tier-1 Israeli defense customer selected the radios and ICE software for a soldier-portable loitering munition platform after field tests demonstrated MultiBand’s connectivity over extended distances in demanding conditions, while two U.S. Tier-1 manufacturers selected SkyHopper and ICE for reconnaissance drones.

Mobilicom is also converting customer relationships into production revenue, with $2.2 million in orders supporting the U.S. Marine Corps’ Organic Precision Fires-Light (“OPF-L”) Program of Record now shipping monthly. Its Tier-1 partner has also progressed within the U.S. Army’s Low Altitude Stalking and Strike Ordnance (“LASSO”) program with Mobilicom technology embedded, supporting a potential additional production opportunity. Across its portfolio, Mobilicom’s nine Tier-1 platform opportunities include five in development, three in initial production, and one in production ramp-up.

Mobile Ground Control Stations

Mobilicom’s ruggedized ground control stations put secure command, control, and live video into operators’ hands through 7-inch, 8-inch, and 10-inch systems supporting varied drone and robotics payloads. In September 2026, an Asia-based Tier-1 manufacturer serving military and industrial markets ordered additional stations for its robotics platforms, building on earlier purchases of Mobilicom’s SkyHopper datalinks and MCU Mesh Networking products.

Mesh Networking and Engineering Services

Mobilicom’s MCU Mesh Networking products combine software-defined radios with secure mobile networking to connect multiple robotic platforms without fixed communications infrastructure. They support video and data transmission across point-to-point, relay, and mesh configurations.

The company also provides engineering services covering system design, integration, testing, training, and maintenance, helping customers combine Mobilicom technologies with third-party components and move platforms into field operation.

Market Opportunity

Mobilicom targets the overlapping markets for small unmanned aircraft, drone cybersecurity, and robotics cybersecurity. Its investor presentation cites forecasts placing the small unmanned aerial vehicle market at $15 billion in 2025 and $27 billion by 2030, representing approximately 12% compound annual growth.

The same presentation projects the drone cybersecurity market to expand from $2.2 billion in 2023 to $10.7 billion by 2032, approximately 19% annual growth. Robotics cybersecurity is forecast to increase from $4.7 billion in 2025 to $14.3 billion by 2035, approximately 12% annual growth.

Government investment represents another source of potential demand identified in the presentation, which cites a fiscal 2027 U.S. defense budget request of $53.6 billion for autonomy, drone platforms, and contested logistics. Mobilicom addresses these markets through technologies that can be embedded across multiple manufacturers and platform categories, including aerial drones, unmanned ground vehicles, and other robotic systems.

Mobilicom has selected a U.S. manufacturing partner and, according to its September 2026 investor presentation, is negotiating a production agreement to support its U.S. manufacturing build-out.

Leadership Team

Oren Elkayam, Chairman, CEO and Co-Founder, previously served as CEO of materials technology company Sortech and vice president of business development at wireless semiconductor company Runcom. At Runcom, he negotiated agreements with major telecommunications companies and led international venture capital financings. He also managed technology projects as an officer in an Israeli Air Force research and development unit. Elkayam holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering and an MBA, earned magna cum laude, from Ben-Gurion University.

Yossi Segal, VP R&D and Co-Founder, was a founding member and chief technology officer of Runcom, where he directed the development of three mobile chips and eight wireless broadband systems. His experience includes wireless technology patents, international commercial deployments, and contributions to IEEE and ETSI standards committees. He also served as an officer in an Israeli Army electronic warfare research and development unit. Segal holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in electrical engineering and an MBA from Ben-Gurion University.

Udi Altshuler, General Manager, Mobilicom Israel, brings more than 25 years of operational and executive experience at technology manufacturers. Before Mobilicom, he served as chief operating officer of automotive cybersecurity company GuardKnox and held senior leadership positions at Elbit Systems, RADA Electronic Industries, BVR Systems, and Cyberbit. As an Israeli Air Force fighter pilot, he led testing and evaluation of advanced defense systems. Altshuler holds a bachelor’s degree in computer science and philosophy from Tel Aviv University.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://mobilicom.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to MOB are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/MOB

• Versus Systems, a leading provider of gamification and audience engagement technology, integrates Drinkfinger into its growing product marketing offerings.
• Drinkfinger uses QR-enabled beverage carriers to connect live-event attendees with mobile games, rewards and branded content.
• The company is targeting Latin American markets, where sports and entertainment events provide potential venues for interactive audience engagement.
• Versus’ Winfinite platform offers customizable web-based games that brands can use in promotional campaigns.
• Its Filter Fan Cam product brings augmented-reality effects into live venue experiences, creating additional sponsorship opportunities.
• Management also discussed the relationship between artificial intelligence and cybersecurity as Versus considers the future of its digital engagement ecosystem.

Versus Systems (NASDAQ: VS), a leading provider of gamification and audience engagement technology, is expanding its audience-engagement strategy through Drinkfinger, a QR-enabled beverage carrier initiative that links live-event attendees to interactive digital experiences. CEO Luis Goldner and members of the company’s leadership team outlined the initiative, its Latin American expansion plans and the company’s approach to artificial intelligence during a recent appearance on IBN’s Stock2Me Podcast.

The discussion focused on how Versus can turn a routine concession purchase into an entry point for digital interaction. Through Drinkfinger, fans scan a QR code on a beverage carrier to access games, promotional offers and event-related content on their phones. The approach is designed to reduce the steps between encountering a brand at a venue and participating in a digital campaign. According to the company, users can access these experiences through a web browser without downloading a dedicated application.

Drinkfinger is intended to extend Versus Systems’ existing software platform into physical event environments. The sustainable four-cup carrier provides a visible QR code that can connect consumers to a digital experience while they are attending a sporting event, concert or festival.

David Catzel, Versus’ chief transformation officer, described how a scan could launch a game tied to the event taking place around the attendee. Possible formats include trivia, prediction games, instant-win promotions and augmented-reality filters.

For brands and venues, the model offers a potential way to encourage participation beyond traditional signage or advertising displayed on screens. It also creates an opportunity to measure activity from the initial QR scan through subsequent interactions, subject to the company’s implementation and data-collection practices.

Versus is pursuing opportunities in Latin America, with management identifying the region’s live-event culture as a reason to introduce the initiative there. Flavio Maria, the company’s general manager for Latin America, joined Goldner and other executives in discussing the strategy. Brazil and Mexico were highlighted as markets where football matches, concerts and festivals could provide relevant settings for interactive promotions.

“LATAM is the perfect place to launch because it’s one of the most passionate live-event markets in the world,” Goldner said. “When people attend a football match, a concert or a festival in Brazil or Mexico, they’re not just spectators; they’re fully immersed in the experience. That’s exactly where Drinkfinger shines. It transforms something people already do, which is buying a drink, into an interactive digital experience. With one simple QR scan, fans unlock rewards, games, exclusive content and deeper engagement. Versus provides the technology to bring that whole experience to life.”

The region offers potential access to large live audiences, but converting that opportunity into a durable business will require partnerships with venues, event organizers and brands. Deployment will also depend on local commercial arrangements and the ability to deliver campaigns that appeal to attendees.

Marisol Casariego, head of partnerships for North America, and Hans Pasricha, head of products, also participated in the podcast. Their involvement reflects the cross-functional requirements of the initiative, which combines a physical product with software, promotional content and reward distribution.

Drinkfinger sits alongside Versus Systems’ existing products, including Winfinite and Filter Fan Cam.

Winfinite is the company’s gamified marketing platform, offering a library of customizable web-based games for promotional campaigns. Brands and content partners can use formats such as sports games, trivia and puzzles to encourage participation, with rewards that may include discounts, prizes or sweepstakes entries.

The platform is designed to reduce the development work required to launch campaigns. Its potential applications include digital promotions as well as activations tied to live events, where sponsors seek ways to make audience participation more interactive.

Filter Fan Cam takes a different approach. The product uses augmented-reality effects and visual overlays to enhance live camera feeds, allowing fans to appear on venue screens or in event coverage with branded effects. The company has previously described deployments at sports venues, including Globe Life Field during Texas Rangers home games. Such applications illustrate how interactive technology can be incorporated into existing event production and sponsorship activities.

Together, the products give Versus several ways to connect audiences with brands. Drinkfinger adds a physical point of entry, while Winfinite and Filter Fan Cam provide different types of digital interaction.

The podcast also addressed management’s view of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. Goldner argued that as AI becomes more embedded in business systems and digital infrastructure, security needs to be considered alongside the adoption of new technology.

“As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly embedded across business and critical digital infrastructure, cybersecurity can no longer be treated as a separate consideration,” Goldner said. “AI creates tremendous opportunities, but it also introduces new and increasingly sophisticated risks. We believe the future requires bringing AI innovation and cybersecurity together—helping organizations adopt advanced technologies while protecting the data, systems, and infrastructure they depend on.”

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.VersusSystems.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to VS are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/VSI

• Research cited in the article indicates that 1,314 people were killed by police in the United States last year, highlighting the complexity of public safety encounters.
• WRAP(R) is expanding its approach to Non-Lethal Response(TM) by connecting its platform with scenario-based training, evidence management and emerging threat-detection systems.
• The appointment of veteran law enforcement instructor John “Chappy” Chapman underscores the company’s focus on standardized training, instructor credentialing and broader agency adoption.

Public safety agencies are no longer looking for a single device to solve a single problem. As encounters become more complex and difficult to assess, conversation is increasingly shifting toward connected ecosystems that link technology, training and accountability. Wrap Technologies (NASDAQ: WRAP), a Miami-based public safety technology company, is building its business around this shift, with a portfolio spanning remote restraint, virtual reality training, body-worn cameras and evidence management, as well as its newer detection-and-response platform, WrapShield(TM).

The challenges facing officers are well documented. Research cited in the article indicates that police killed approximately 1,314 people in the United States last year. One in five of those people reportedly showed symptoms of mental or behavioral health issues, while 89% of the deaths followed a call for service. A Statista breakdown of the same data indicates that 45% of these encounters began in nonviolent situations, including mental health and welfare checks.

State-level findings offer additional context. Maryland’s Independent Investigations Division investigated 45 fatal police shootings, with mental health crises accounting for 40% of those cases, according to a Maryland Association of Counties summary of the division’s 2025 annual report.

Encounters like these rarely fit a simple choice between talking and using force. A proportional response depends on several factors working together. Officers need options that can create time and distance, training that prepares them to make decisions under stress, and reliable records of what occurred. They may also need earlier warning of emerging threats, including those involving unmanned aircraft.

WRAP’s approach begins with remote restraint. Its flagship BolaWrap(R) 150 is a patented device that the company says does not rely on pain compliance and does not shoot, strike, shock or incapacitate. It is designed to provide officers with an additional option for restraining individuals from a distance before resorting to higher-force measures. The company reports that the instrument operates at a range of 10 to 25 feet and is used by more than 1,000 U.S. agencies and in over 60 countries.

A federal ruling announced this summer added another dimension to the product’s regulatory positioning. WRAP reported that ATF Ruling 2026-2, effective July 2, classifies the BolaWrap(R) 150 as “merely an instrument of restraint” rather than a firearm or “any other weapon”. The company believes the ruling could simplify purchasing for organizations such as corrections facilities, schools, hospitals and private and corporate security.

Yet technology alone is only part of the equation. For agencies to implement these options consistently, personnel need structured training and a framework for maintaining proficiency. That is the focus of WRAP Reality(TM), the company’s immersive virtual reality simulator designed to help officers practice decision-making under stress through interactive scenarios. It complements WRAP Tactics(TM), the company’s training program, while WRAP says its BolaWrap(R) 150 training is certified by the International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Training.

A New Training Strategy Takes Shape

WRAP is now placing greater emphasis on scaling that training beyond individual deployment. On Oct. 9, the company announced the appointment of John “Chappy” Chapman as vice president of Training and Missions, bringing more than three decades of law enforcement, tactical operations, instructional development and leadership experience to the role.

Chapman will oversee Wrap’s national training and mission integration strategy, including a planned four-level training and credentialing framework, expansion of the company’s digital Learning Management System, state POST certification initiatives and broader adoption of its Non-Lethal Response doctrine.

The proposed framework is designed to create a pathway from frontline users to agency-based instructors and master instructors, with a credentialing board responsible for oversight and standards. By enabling agencies to train personnel internally through credentialed instructors, Wrap aims to reduce dependence on company-led instruction for every deployment while maintaining consistent training practices.

Chapman has been a principal author of Wrap’s Non-Lethal Response(TM) doctrine, which is under review for California POST certification, with additional state submissions anticipated. The framework is intended to address the operational space between verbal de-escalation and physical arrest-and-control techniques, incorporating tools such as the BolaWrap(R) 150 into a structured approach to early intervention and subject restraint.

The company also plans to expand digital learning and ongoing credential management, potentially creating opportunities for recurring training and program-support services alongside technology deployments. While the commercial impact will depend on agency adoption, procurement and certification outcomes, the appointment signals that WRAP views training as a core part of its longer-term business strategy, rather than simply an accessory to equipment sales.

Connecting Restraint, Evidence and Threat Detection

Training is one part of Wrap’s broader effort to connect the different stages of public safety operations. 

WrapShield(TM) extends the company’s ambitions into earlier threat detection and response coordination. Launched this summer, the platform is organized around three layers. The first focuses on detecting threats, initially using thermal-polarimetric imaging technology licensed from Israel-based Frenel Imaging. The second uses AI-assisted, human-supervised tools to classify threats and recommend responses. The third coordinates the response itself, with countering unmanned aircraft as the initial application.

“WrapShield represents our long-term vision for the future of defense and public safety,” said WRAP CEO Scot Cohen. “We’re beginning with one of the most urgent operational challenges facing the world today — countering the rapidly growing threat posed by unmanned aircraft systems. As asymmetric threats become more accessible to lone actors and sophisticated adversaries alike, our customers need platform-level solutions that match the speed, scale and economics of the threat. WrapShield is our answer: an autonomous platform that is designed to enable earlier detection, AI-assisted decision support, and integration with the response technologies our customer’s trust.”

The response side of the portfolio is also evolving. On July 15, Wrap unveiled Wraptor MX(TM), a multi-shot restraint platform whose prototype can fire three consecutive BolaWrap(R) 150 deployments before reloading. Up to 10 law enforcement agencies are expected to receive early access. The company positions Wraptor MX(TM) between the handheld BolaWrap(R) 150 and DFR-X, a drone-deployed system that operates under human-authorization protocols.

Wrap has also announced plans to add laser-based counter-drone technology to WrapShield(TM). That capability remains in development, and definitive agreements have not been signed, according to the company’s announcement. Wrap has said human authorization would be required at every tier of the system.

Several components of this strategy remain at different stages of development and adoption. Wraptor MX(R) is precommercial, WrapShield(TM)’s initial application focuses on countering unmanned aircraft, and the new training and credentialing framework still faces implementation and certification milestones. Nevertheless, the broader direction is becoming clearer: Wrap is working to connect remote restraint, training, evidence management and threat detection within a more integrated public safety offering.

By pairing its technologies with standardized instruction and ongoing agency support, WRAP aims to give public safety organizations more options for managing complex encounters while building a business that extends beyond the sale of individual devices.

For more information, visit the company’s website at wrap.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to WRAP are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/WRAP

About / Disclaimer

This article was produced by IBN Editorial Staff and is intended for informational purposes only. It is not investment advice and should not be relied upon as the basis for any investment decision. Statements attributed to Wrap Technologies Inc. or its management, including any forward-looking statements regarding revenue growth, product development, or market opportunities, reflect the company’s views and are subject to risks and uncertainties; actual results may differ materially. Readers should conduct their own due diligence and consult a qualified professional. Additional company information is available at wrap.com.

• A technical analysis by CTO Dr. John E. Brandenburg examines the use of short, high-power magnetic pulses to compress and heat toroidal plasma.
• A rifled toroidal chamber is intended to shape the magnetic field and help organize the plasma during compression.
• Earlier low-temperature experiments are cited as support for further testing of the confinement concept, but they did not demonstrate fusion-temperature confinement or fusion power.
• The company is developing Texatron(TM) around deuterium and helium-3 fuel and a proposed direct magnetic-to-electric conversion approach.
• Fusion ignition, net energy gain and commercial electricity generation remain development objectives requiring further experimental validation.

American Fusion(TM) (OTCBQ: AMFN), a developer of next-generation fusion energy technologies, has published a new technical analysis outlining the physics and engineering concepts behind its proposed Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM), putting plasma compression and confinement at the center of the company’s next stage of experimental development.

The September 29 analysis, prepared by American Fusion(TM) Chief Technology Officer Dr. John E. Brandenburg, describes how Texatron(TM) is intended to form, compress and confine a toroidal, or doughnut-shaped, plasma using a brief and powerful magnetic pulse (https://ibn.fm/vTujo).

At the core of the approach is pulsed compression. Energy stored in a capacitor bank is discharged to produce a strong magnetic field for a short period. The proposed pulse is intended to squeeze the plasma inward, increasing its density while shock and compression effects raise its temperature.

The timing of that process is important to the design. Brandenburg’s analysis considers how the magnetic pulse could be synchronized so that maximum plasma compression occurs near the peak of the applied magnetic field, followed by a period in which the plasma can settle into a more organized configuration.

Texatron(TM) also incorporates a chamber design that differs from the smooth toroidal geometries commonly associated with conventional magnetic-confinement fusion systems. The chamber includes spiral grooves or ridges that form what Brandenburg describes as a Rifled Toroidal Pinch, or RTP. The proposed geometry is intended to influence currents and magnetic fields along the chamber surface, creating a twisted magnetic structure that could be transferred to the plasma during formation and compression.

Whether that geometry can maintain the desired confinement as energy levels increase remains an experimental question.

Brandenburg’s analysis also introduces a theoretical framework involving what the report calls a “Double Invariant” concept. It considers magnetic helicity, which relates to the twist and linkage of magnetic fields, together with a second flux property referred to as “baricity.” The underlying proposition is that preserving these characteristics could help maintain an organized plasma configuration under high pressure. The company emphasizes that this remains a theoretical framework that must be tested experimentally under fusion-relevant conditions.

American Fusion’s(TM) earlier experiments provide some background for the current program. The company reports that plasma was previously produced inside a rifled toroidal chamber under low-temperature conditions and remained separated from the chamber walls for periods on the order of one second.

That observation is relevant to the proposed confinement architecture, but it does not establish that Texatron(TM) can confine plasma for one second at fusion temperatures. It also does not demonstrate fusion reactions, net energy production or electricity generation. Those distinctions are important as the company moves from theoretical analysis toward increasingly demanding measurements.

American Fusion(TM) says its current testing program is focused on consistently producing plasma and measuring characteristics including temperature, density, magnetic-field strength, compression and confinement. Researchers are also examining how chamber geometry affects plasma behavior as operating conditions become more demanding. The objective is to determine experimentally whether the magnetic structures described in the technical analysis actually form and remain stable.

The proposed fuel cycle is another significant component of the Texatron(TM) concept. American Fusion(TM) is developing the system around deuterium and helium-3, or D-³He, a fusion reaction that primarily produces charged particles rather than the neutron output associated with deuterium-tritium fusion. In the company’s proposed architecture, those energetic charged particles would transfer energy to the plasma and contribute to its expansion against the surrounding magnetic field.

American Fusion(TM) is also developing a proposed direct magnetic-to-electric conversion system. Instead of using fusion heat to produce steam and drive a conventional turbine, the concept seeks to capture energy associated with charged particles and changing magnetic flux directly as electrical current.

The technical analysis includes theoretical calculations for the conditions Texatron(TM) would need to reach, including ion densities on the order of 10¹⁷ particles per cubic centimeter and pre-ignition temperatures measured in several kiloelectronvolts. Those figures are design assumptions rather than measured Texatron(TM) performance.

The company has not yet demonstrated fusion ignition, net energy gain or commercial electricity production. Further testing will need to establish whether Texatron(TM) can achieve the required combination of temperature, density and confinement, whether measurable fusion reactions can be produced and whether the proposed energy-conversion mechanism can operate as intended.

“If our continuing experiments demonstrate that we can reproducibly create the required temperature, density and confinement while preserving these magnetic invariants, it would represent an important step toward the ultimate objective of controlled D-³He fusion and direct electrical energy conversion,”  Brandenburg said. “That is the physics path we are now testing.”

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.AmericanFusionEnergy.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to AMFN are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/AMFN

• Goldenberg brings more than 25 years of financial and operational leadership experience.
• He will also serve as the company’s principal financial officer and principal accounting officer.
• His background includes CFO, COO, and chief compliance officer roles at investment management firms.
• The appointment comes as Versus develops its gamification and audience engagement business across digital and live environments.

Versus Systems (NASDAQ: VS), a leading provider of gamification and audience engagement technology, has appointed Brian Goldenberg, CPA, as chief financial officer, adding a senior executive with more than 25 years of finance and operations experience. Goldenberg’s appointment took effect September 8, 2026. In addition to serving as CFO, he has been named Versus’ principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, roles that place him at the center of the company’s financial reporting and accounting responsibilities.

The company announced the move on September 23 (https://ibn.fm/xqtAG). Goldenberg most recently served as chief operating officer, chief compliance officer and chief financial officer at Divisadero Street Capital Management in Miami. Before that, he was CFO of Trend Capital Management in Boca Raton, Florida.

His experience includes financial planning, reporting, audits, regulatory compliance, SEC matters and investor relations. He has also worked on building financial and operational infrastructure at investment management firms, thus bringing experience relevant to a publicly traded company navigating its reporting obligations and seeking to manage its resources as it pursues growth.

The appointment adds financial leadership to a business whose commercial model depends on partnerships and the deployment of interactive technology. CEO Luis Goldner said Goldenberg’s background would support the company’s financial capabilities and its work with partners and shareholders.

“Brian’s track record leading finance and operations at high-performance firms makes him an ideal fit for Versus as we accelerate growth,” said Goldner. “His leadership will help us sharpen our strategy, deepen our financial capabilities, and deliver stronger results for our partners and shareholders.”

Goldenberg underlined that Versus is building something truly compelling in audience engagement, and that he was excited to help deepen the financial and operational foundation that will support the company’s next phase of growth.

Versus develops technology that integrates games and rewards into digital content and live experiences. Its platform is designed to let brands, sports teams and entertainment partners encourage audience participation by offering incentives such as prizes, discounts or sweepstakes entries.

The company’s Winfinite platform is built around a library of customizable web-based games. Partners can adapt formats including trivia, sports and puzzle games for promotional campaigns, sponsorship activations and digital engagement. The model is intended to reduce the development resources needed to launch interactive campaigns, while giving brands a mechanism to connect participation with measurable marketing activity.

A second product, Filter Fan Cam, focuses on live events. It uses camera feeds, facial tracking and visual effects to place fans into customized on-screen experiences, including branded overlays and themed filters. Versus has described deployments in professional sports venues, including Globe Life Field during Texas Rangers home games.

Versus Systems is also expanding its engagement ecosystem through a partnership with Drinkfinger, adding a persistent physical trigger that puts a high‑visibility QR code directly in fans’ hands. The sustainable four‑cup carrier turns a routine beverage purchase into an instant “scan-play-win” interaction on Versus’s web‑first platform, creating a verified funnel from scan to engagement to reward. Combined with Winfinite games and Filter Fan Cam activations, this pairing gives brands and venues a repeatable, measurable way to drive participation, capture permissioned audience relationships, and deliver sponsor value across events.

These products address a market in which brands and media companies are seeking ways to make audiences active participants rather than passive viewers. Gamification applies game mechanics to non-game settings, including marketing and customer engagement. Market estimates vary by definition and methodology, but the category has drawn interest as companies look for digital tools that can support interaction and retention.

Versus has said its earned-rewards technology can operate across mobile, web, broadcast and in-person environments. Its profile also points to relationships with professional sports teams and global brands, as well as deployments across events and digital channels. 

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.VersusSystems.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to VS are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/VSI

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. and may include paid advertising.

• SPAI’s Overwatch Positioning Network delivers GPS-denied positioning using telemetry drones already generated, eliminating the need for new hardware or airframe modifications.
• The company’s per-device subscription model is designed to generate scalable, high-margin recurring revenue as more drones connect to the platform.
• SPARC AI is targeting a defense, security, and commercial drone market projected to exceed $100 billion over the next decade.

SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) is approaching the growing challenge of GPS-denied navigation from a software-first perspective. Instead of adding more chips, sensors, and navigation hardware to individual aircraft, the company’s Overwatch Positioning Network moves the positioning process off the drone and into its network infrastructure. The model is designed to provide latitude, longitude, and time using telemetry that is already generated, potentially allowing operators to improve navigation without redesigning their aircraft.

The timing underscores a broader shift in the operating environment for autonomous systems. Lost signal incidents increased 220% between 2021 and 2024, making GPS disruptions an increasingly persistent consideration for aviation and other autonomous operations. The publication argues that traditional onboard approaches can become difficult to scale because every additional sensor or component can require integration, testing, certification, and maintenance across individual airframes.

SPARC AI’s alternative is software-based. Overwatch receives existing drone telemetry through an API, processes it on SPARC AI’s servers, and returns a calculated position in roughly one third of a second. The company states that the system requires “No new hardware, no new software, no physical modification,” potentially reducing the deployment barriers associated with hardware-based navigation solutions (ibn.fm/4bwW8).

The architecture also creates a unique economic model. The company has stated that Overwatch will operate through a per-device subscription model, supporting what the company says is scalable, high-margin recurring revenue as more devices connect (ibn.fm/vDAnZ). Its investor materials outline three revenue streams: an annual platform deployment fee, per-drone licensing, and API consumption. The company’s April 2026 investor presentation identifies a target gross margin of 95%, although actual financial performance will depend on commercial execution, infrastructure costs, and customer adoption.

A hardware-heavy model requires additional manufacturing, shipping, installation, and maintenance as fleets expand. Overwatch instead relies on additional computing capacity. Adding aircraft means provisioning server capacity rather than manufacturing and mounting another navigation device on each drone (ibn.fm/v7gk5).

SPARC AI has also focused on integration with existing drone infrastructure. Its Overwatch platform has been integrated into QGroundControl, connecting it with PX4 and ArduPilot ecosystems. The company has stated that these platforms collectively support over a million drones and more than 30,000 developers and contributors.

The addressable opportunity is substantial. IBN estimates that security, defense, and commercial drone markets could exceed $100 billion over the next decade, while Fortune Business Insights projects the global commercial drone market could reach $65.25 billion by 2032.

For investors, SPARC AI’s approach depends on separating navigation capability from physical hardware. If Overwatch gains adoption across existing and new fleets, each additional connected device could expand recurring licensing and API revenue without requiring SPARC AI to manufacture another navigation system.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

• The latest patent filings cover variations in Texatron(TM) confinement structures, chamber geometries, fuel injection, and electromagnetic components.
• The company is pursuing further Texatron(TM) testing at a university facility while preparing to establish a dedicated, company-controlled testing site.
• American Fusion(TM) has identified a property for the proposed facility and negotiated principal terms, but the transaction remains subject to closing conditions.
• The company is preparing for a potential national exchange uplisting, with the Texas Stock Exchange under consideration alongside NYSE and NASDAQ.

American Fusion(TM) (OTCBQ: AMFN), a developer of next-generation fusion energy technologies, has reported 21 additional U.S. patent applications, bringing its pending portfolio to 151, as the Texas-based fusion developer advances plans for further Texatron(TM) testing and prepares for a potential move to a national securities exchange.

The company’s September 22 corporate update outlined three areas of activity: intellectual property protection, testing infrastructure and capital-markets preparation (https://ibn.fm/R4hlJ). The new applications expand coverage around the Texatron(TM) platform, including alternative confinement structures and component arrangements. The filings described in the update include quartz and aluminum configurations, rifled toroidal chambers, electromagnetic foils, ridge-mounted coils and helium-3/deuterium fuel-injection systems.

American Fusion(TM) says its intellectual property strategy is intended to protect a family of potential Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM) designs rather than a single reactor configuration. The company argues that securing a broad range of technical approaches may become more important as engineering work progresses and it engages with prospective commercial counterparties. The applications are pending and remain subject to examination by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 

“Our intellectual property strategy is designed to protect not merely a single fusion device, but a family of Texatron(TM) Fusion Engines(TM) and the technologies that may support multiple sizes, configurations, applications and future generations of the platform,” said Brent Nelson, Executive Chairman of American Fusion(TM). “We believe that intellectual property may ultimately represent one of American Fusion’s(TM) most important long-term corporate assets.”

A second focus is the company’s testing program. American Fusion(TM) continues to pursue testing at a university facility while planning a dedicated site under its own control. Management says the facility could provide greater flexibility over scheduling and diagnostic instrumentation. The company has identified a property and negotiated principal terms and a purchase price. It expects to enter escrow through an affiliate, but the transaction remains subject to customary closing conditions. American Fusion(TM) said it would provide further details in a Current Report on Form 8-K as required.

A company-controlled facility would complement, rather than replace, outside scientific and engineering relationships. The update did not provide a detailed schedule for the site’s completion or specify when particular testing milestones would be reached.

The Texatron(TM) program remains in development and engineering validation. The company’s longer-term objective is to establish a modular fusion-energy platform, but the update did not announce a new demonstration of sustained fusion power or commercial electricity production.

The third area is a potential uplisting from OTCQB to a national securities exchange. American Fusion(TM) is evaluating the Texas Stock Exchange (TXSE) as a preferred possibility, while also considering the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. Management cited the company’s Texas headquarters and development activity as factors in its interest in TXSE.

The company believes it meets TXSE’s initial listing criteria apart from the minimum bid-price requirement, and says it may qualify under a $200 million market-capitalization standard. Depending on the share price at the time of an application, a reverse stock split may be considered to address the bid-price requirement.

American Fusion(TM) says work completed during 2026, including audited financial statements, SEC reporting status, current periodic reporting and OTCQB qualification, has helped build the infrastructure for a possible national listing. Any uplisting would still require the company to meet the selected exchange’s rules and receive its approval.

The company also disclosed receiving several financing term sheets from funds contemplating capital in connection with a potential uplisting and the advancement of Texatron(TM) commercialization. It is evaluating those proposals alongside other alternatives. No definitive financing agreement has been executed, leaving the amount, structure and availability of any future capital uncertain.

The update also noted that Chief Executive Officer Brent Nelson and members of management were scheduled to visit the NYSE on September 28 for an interview with New to The Street and meetings with banks and institutional investors. 

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.AmericanFusionEnergy.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to AMFN are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/AMFN

• Versus Systems is a tech company that’s focused on transforming passive audiences into active participants, enhancing how audiences interact with content across both live and digital environments.
• It operates through two primary platforms, Winfinite and Filter Fan Cam (“FFC”), which help brands, marketers, and creators hold onto consumer attention, even as digital environments become increasingly crowded.
• Versus has worked with professional sports leagues, entertainers, and a variety of other major brands, deploying its technology across thousands of events across the globe.

With people exposed to countless ads and posts daily, audience engagement is a significant challenge for marketers, brands, creators, and other professionals.

Versus Systems Versus Systems (NASDAQ: VS) is a technology company that successfully turns passive audiences into active participants through competitions, interactive games, and real-world rewards. It also enhances how these audiences interact with content across both digital and live environments.

Versus’s platform lets brands, teams, leagues, and creators, integrate interactive elements into the experiences they share with their audiences, combining gameplay mechanics alongside promotional functionality. The company has a patented earned-rewards system that operates across mobile, web, broadcast, and in-venue formats. Brands can deploy campaigns through websites, mobile apps, streaming platforms, and live events, allowing companies to create consistent engagement strategies across multiple touchpoints.

Another component of Versus’s technology offering is its ability to manage rewards-based campaigns internationally, controlling distributed awards across many regions, including the USA, China, Mexico, India, and the UK. This capability becomes even more important as brands look to implement global campaigns that require compliance with different regulations. By providing the infrastructure for rewards administration, Versus lets companies and brands focus on designing the campaign and interacting with their audience in the most effective way.

The company has deployed its technology across thousands of events, engaging millions of consumers, and has worked with major brands, entertainers, and sports league. Some of the organizations that Versus has worked with include the NFL, NHL, MLS, FIFA, Texas Rangers, the UFC, and others.

Versus Systems operates through two primary platforms, Winfinite and Filter Fan Cam (“FFC”), keeping consumer attention in crowded digital environments.

Winfinite

Winfinite is Versus’s core platform, and it offers a library of customizable games that brands can personalize and either deploy across digital channels or integrate into live events. The platform makes it easy for brands to launch interactive campaigns using pre-built game formats that can be tailored to their liking, and not have to worry about designing their own gaming experiences.

The broadly-accessible and casual games within the platform include sports-themed challenges, arcade activities, promotional contests, trivia, and more. Depending on the campaign, consumers who participate can earn discounts, digital incentives, merchandise, and other prizes.

Over 10 million consumers have already participated in campaigns using Versus’s technology, and by connecting participation and actual rewards, the platform brings stronger engagement between brands and their audiences.

Filter Fan Cam

Filter Fan Cam is an in-venue engagement product that uses augmented reality to keep audiences engaged at live events. It lets audiences see themselves on broadcasts or venue screens with real-time visual enhancements. 

The feature adds digital filters and overlays to camera footage, creating fun and interactive moments that can be displayed in areas or included into event coverage content.

Using facial tracking, this product supports sponsor integration, customized branding, and themed activations during live events.

In addition to these, Versus continues to develop additional features and products to broaden its ecosystem, and aims to increase international footprint, as well. Versus is also holding ongoing discussions about extending its technology licensing relationship with ASPIS Cyber Technologies, which could provide additional recurring revenue.

Versus and Drinkfinger

Versus Systems is expanding its engagement ecosystem by partnering with Drinkfinger, introducing a persistent physical entry point that strengthens how fans connect with digital experiences at live events. Drinkfinger’s sustainable four‑cup carrier places a high‑visibility QR code directly in a fan’s hand, transforming a routine beverage purchase into an immediate “scan-play-win” moment powered by Versus’s web‑first interactive platform. This close‑range, low‑friction entry point creates a verifiable funnel, from scan to interaction to reward, complementing Versus’s Winfinite game library and Filter Fan Cam activations. By pairing Drinkfinger’s durable physical distribution with Versus’s real‑time engagement technology, brands and venues gain a repeatable, measurable mechanism for driving participation, capturing permissioned audience relationships, and delivering sponsor value across events.

About Versus Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: VS)

Versus Systems is a technology company that aims to enhance how audiences interact with content and engage with brands across digital and live environments. It seeks to use tangible rewards, competitions, and interactive games to turn passive audiences into active participants, which can dramatically improve engagement for brands, creators, and organizations.

For more information, visit the Versus Systems website at https://www.versussystems.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to VS are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/VSI