• MindWave is developing an integrated infrastructure model combining digital asset treasury, validator operations, insurance innovation, and real-world asset tokenization.
• Its MindChain Layer 2 and validator infrastructure are designed to complement technical security with institutional risk management and protection.
• New agreements to build and operate AssureChain and AQUAEChain demonstrate how MindChain can serve as infrastructure for specialized institutional networks.

For institutions entering the digital asset economy, blockchain security is only one part of the risk equation. Audits, validator monitoring, secure custody and infrastructure controls can lower the risk of technical and operational failures, but they do not necessarily address what happens financially when a covered loss occurs.

MindWave Innovations (NYSE American: APUS), a subsidiary of Apimeds Pharmaceuticals US, Inc., is developing an institutional digital finance infrastructure model designed to address that broader risk picture by connecting digital asset treasury management, insurance innovation, blockchain infrastructure and real-world asset tokenization within one ecosystem

The distinction is vital for institutional capital. Risk mitigation is not the same as risk transfer. Security controls are designed to prevent and limit losses, while insurance can provide financial protection for defined covered events. MindWave’s ecosystem incorporates both approaches, with its institutional solutions built around digital asset infrastructure, treasury management, validator operations and insurance capabilities.

That strategy is increasingly being reflected in the networks MindWave is building on its infrastructure.

Turning MindChain into Institutional Infrastructure

At the nexus of the broader strategy is MindChain, an EVM-compatible Layer 2 designed for real-world asset tokenization and infrastructural decentralized finance. The platform is built to support high transaction throughput, lower transaction costs, compliance-oriented infrastructure and native RWA functionality.

Rather than requiring every institutional application to develop an entirely independent blockchain environment, MindWave’s approach is to provide a shared foundation that can support specialized networks and applications.

A recent agreement with U.S.-based BlockAssure provides a direct example. MindWave has entered a two-year agreement to build and operate AssureChain, a dedicated insurance and reinsurance network that will run as a subnet to MindChain.

Under the agreement, MindWave will design, develop, security-audit and deploy AssureChain before hosting, operating and maintaining the network. Insurance contracts, policies, premium and payment entries, reinsurance treaties and claims are planned to run on AssureChain, while MindChain will provide settlement and anchor records to Ethereum. This structure is designed to create a traceable connection between a claim and the policy, contract or treaty from which it originated.

The arrangement also illustrates the division between technology infrastructure and insurance operations. BlockAssure will lead the underwriting, claims decisions, licensing and relationships with insurers, reinsurers and brokers, while MindWave serves as the technology provider and exclusive blockchain provider for AssureChain during the agreement.

The significance extends beyond one insurance network. AssureChain demonstrates how MindChain can function as an underlying infrastructure layer for an industry-specific financial network, allowing specialized applications to operate on top of a common technological foundation.

Extending the Model into Environmental Assets

The same infrastructure model is also being applied to real-world environmental assets.

MindWave has signed a 12-month technology services agreement with AQUAE Holdings to develop, deploy and operate AQUAEChain, a platform designed to manage insured ALCI Credits using MindChain as its underlying ledger.

AQUAEChain is planned to support the lifecycle of ALCI Credits, including issuance, verification, tracking, transfer and retirement. The platform is also expected to incorporate registry, environmental-data management and marketplace capabilities.

The agreement provides another example of MindWave using its blockchain infrastructure to address a specialized real-world application rather than treating tokenization as an isolated technical exercise. In this case, the objective is to provide digital infrastructure for an asset ecosystem where transparency and traceability are central requirements.

Together, AssureChain and AQUAEChain illustrate the potential breadth of MindChain’s shared infrastructure approach. One network is focused on insurance and reinsurance, while the other is designed around insured environmental credits. Both are built around specialized applications while relying on MindChain as an underlying infrastructure layer.

Connecting Infrastructure, Treasury and Risk

This broader infrastructure strategy becomes even more important as digital assets move deeper into corporate treasury and institutional financial workflows.

MindWave’s digital asset infrastructure supports corporate Bitcoin treasury operations, institutional custody, governance, reporting and risk management. Its current digital asset infrastructure includes a Bitcoin treasury initiative and institutional controls designed around secure custody, governance and compliance.

Validator infrastructure represents another vital part of that equation. MindWaveDAO operates validator nodes across multiple Proof of Stake networks, including Ethereum, Solana and MindChain, using redundant infrastructure, automated failover and slashing protection. The platform is also designed to integrate validators into corporate treasury models.

For institutions, this creates a link between blockchain participation, operational resilience and treasury management instead of treating validation as an isolated technical function.

The company’s ecosystem also connects blockchain infrastructure with projects spanning environmental assets, insurance and RWA tokenization. Its RWA platform incorporates tokenization, legal structuring, due diligence, custody and reporting, creating another layer between blockchain technology and the institutional requirements surrounding real-world assets.

For CFOs, risk officers and institutional allocators, the broader proposition is therefore not simply about making blockchain infrastructure more secure. It is about building digital asset systems around the full risk picture, including operations, technology, governance, compliance and financial protection.

The recent AssureChain and AQUAEChain agreements offer tangible examples of that model taking shape. Rather than developing one blockchain for one application, MindWave is positioning MindChain as a foundation upon which specialized institutional networks can be built.

As institutions continue evaluating how digital assets can fit within established financial and governance frameworks, that ability to combine blockchain infrastructure with treasury management, specialized networks, real-world assets and financial protection could become an increasingly important component of institutional digital finance.

For more information, visit the company’s website at MindWaveDAO.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to APUS are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/APUS

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. and may include paid advertising.

• SPARC AI has signed an MOU with a European drone manufacturer to integrate and evaluate its Overwatch positioning platform on two fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (“UAV”) platforms.
• The agreement also incorporates Overwatch Intelligence, designed to consolidate positioning, observation and movement data from connected aircraft into a unified operational view.
• Following operator-run field trials in Ukraine and the Middle East, SPARC AI is pursuing additional defense and commercial opportunities, including through a new regional advisory agreement.

Reliable positioning is becoming an important consideration as autonomous systems expand into environments where satellite navigation can be disrupted, manipulated or unavailable. For drone operators, the challenge extends beyond keeping an aircraft in the air to understanding where it is operating and maintaining situational awareness throughout a mission.

SPARC AI (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) is addressing this challenge through Overwatch, its software-based positioning platform designed for environments where Global Navigation Satellite System (“GNSS”) signals cannot be relied upon. On Oct. 26, the company announced a memorandum of understanding with a major European drone manufacturer to integrate and evaluate Overwatch on two fixed-wing UAV platforms, marking a new step in its commercialization strategy.

Under the agreement, the manufacturer will conduct independent testing and validation, with SPARC AI providing engineering, training and technical support. Commercial deployment is contemplated following successful validation, although the manufacturer and its European jurisdiction have not been disclosed. The agreement therefore represents an integration and evaluation milestone rather than a completed commercial deployment.

The planned integration also includes Overwatch Intelligence, a platform designed to consolidate positioning information, observation data and movement history from multiple connected aircraft into a single operational view. By bringing information from individual drones together, the system is intended to help mission commanders maintain awareness of aircraft positions and coordinate operations across a fleet, including in GNSS-denied environments.

The expansion into fixed-wing aircraft broadens the potential applications for SPARC AI’s positioning technology. These platforms can operate over longer distances and durations than many multirotor drones, making positioning and situational awareness important considerations when satellite signals are degraded or unavailable. The company has also reported operator-run trials of Overwatch under GPS-jamming conditions in Ukraine and GPS-spoofing conditions in the Middle East, providing additional context for its efforts to demonstrate the technology outside controlled demonstrations.

SPARC AI is pursuing opportunities beyond defense as well. Its Oct. 26 announcement identified potential applications in commercial operations and emergency response, where positioning can be challenging around critical infrastructure, in urban environments or during disaster response. The company also disclosed an agreement with a regional advisory firm intended to advance defense and commercial engagements in the Middle East following validation of Overwatch on government-owned drones.

For SPARC AI, these developments highlight the next stage of its commercial strategy: moving from technology development and field evaluation toward integration with third-party platforms and potential customer deployments. The progress of the European testing program, subsequent commercial agreements, and the conversion of regional engagements into paying customers will be important indicators of execution.

As demand for autonomous systems continues to evolve, SPARC AI is seeking to establish Overwatch as a positioning and intelligence layer that can support individual aircraft and connected fleets when satellite navigation is unreliable. Its ability to turn these integration opportunities into validated deployments and sustained commercial adoption will help determine the platform’s longer-term potential.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

• Four commercial proposals for potential Texatron(TM) fusion program deployments remain under active discussion.
• The company is pursuing discussions with data center developers as it explores a model in which it would own and operate future Texatron(TM) systems and sell electricity under long-term agreements.
• American Fusion(TM) has upgraded electrical switching equipment and configured higher-capacity capacitor banks for the next phase of Texatron(TM) pulsed-power experiments.
• A technical manuscript prepared by Chief Technology Officer Dr. John E. Brandenburg is undergoing scientific review, with publication and public release planned after the formal process is completed.

American Fusion(TM) (OTCBQ: AMFN), developer of next-generation fusion energy technologies, is advancing discussions with prospective customers while upgrading equipment for the next phase of experiments involving its Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM). In an October 13 update, the company describes commercial proposals under active negotiation, additional engagement with data center developers and a technical manuscript undergoing scientific review (https://ibn.fm/7OAap).

The proposals concern potential Texatron(TM) deployments, although American Fusion(TM) has not identified the prospective customers or disclosed the proposed contract values. American Fusion(TM) said it is also in discussions with four of five additional data center developers identified as potential prospects. It is seeking contact with the appropriate representatives at the fifth.

The announcement provides an update on the company’s parallel efforts to develop its fusion technology and explore possible commercial applications. American Fusion(TM) is considering a commercial model in which it would retain ownership of future Texatron(TM) systems, operate them and sell electricity to customers through negotiated long-term arrangements.

That approach would differ from a conventional equipment-sale model. If successfully implemented, it could allow the company to retain responsibility for the generating assets while seeking recurring revenue from power supply agreements. It would also require the company to finance deployment, operate the systems reliably and meet applicable safety and regulatory requirements.

Data centers are one potential target market because their electricity requirements can be substantial and their expansion can be constrained by available grid capacity. The company has not disclosed the identities of the parties involved, the potential capacity of the proposed installations or a timetable for signing definitive contracts. 

Alongside commercial outreach, American Fusion reports upgrades to its electrical switching capabilities and the setup of higher-capacity capacitor banks for upcoming pulsed-power experiments.

These components are used to deliver and control electrical pulses involved in plasma formation and magnetic compression. The company says the upgrades are intended to support the next stage of testing, while discussions about neutron-detection instrumentation form part of its effort to collect measurable experimental data.

The company is also evaluating additional potential testing locations in Texas. It said it intends to assess facility suitability, equipment requirements, safety considerations and diagnostic capabilities before selecting a site.

“We have upgraded our switching capabilities and have new, higher-capacity capacitor banks set up for the next stages of testing,” said Brent Nelson, Executive Chairman of American Fusion(TM). “We are moving methodically from the proof-of-principle work described in Dr. Brandenburg’s report toward progressively more demanding experiments. We are working to obtain reproducible, measurable data that can be independently evaluated.”

American Fusion(TM) says its approach uses a proprietary Rifled Toroidal Pinch (“RTP”) architecture, which combines pulsed-power plasma compression with toroidal magnetic confinement. The design employs a precision-machined chamber with helical grooves intended to influence the magnetic-field structure during plasma formation.

The company also reported that a technical manuscript prepared by Chief Technology Officer Dr. John E. Brandenburg is undergoing scientific review. American Fusion(TM) intends to provide further information about the process and make the report publicly available following formal publication. The manuscript examines the theoretical framework behind the Texatron(TM) design, including the proposed role of magnetic-flux properties such as helicity and baricity. It discusses a Double Invariant framework and the principle of Energy Scale Invariance as theoretical approaches to understanding plasma equilibrium and investigating whether observations from lower-energy experiments can inform higher-energy testing.

Independent scrutiny could help researchers assess the assumptions and observations presented in the report. “Dr. Brandenburg has put the scientific and mathematical foundation of the Texatron(TM) into a detailed technical report,” Nelson said. “We believe independent scientific scrutiny is important. Once the report completes an appropriate review and is published, we intend to make it publicly available so scientists, engineers, shareholders and prospective partners can examine the work.”

American Fusion(TM) is also discussing potential financing and advisory relationships with investment banking and capital markets firms. The company says it has evaluated multiple financing proposals but has not entered into a definitive investment banking engagement related to a possible national exchange uplisting.

Potential venues under consideration include the Texas Stock Exchange, Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange. No exchange has been selected, and any future listing would depend on eligibility requirements, approvals, financing and market conditions.

The capital requirements associated with advancing a fusion system through testing and toward deployment could be significant. The next substantive measures of progress will be experimental results that can be independently evaluated, definitive commercial agreements and a clearer picture of the financing required to support deployment. 

“Our strategy is to advance the science, testing infrastructure, prospective customer relationships and capital-markets planning together as we work toward commercialization,” Nelson added. “We recognize that meaningful progress ultimately must be demonstrated through testing results and executed agreements.”

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.AmericanFusionEnergy.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to AMFN are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/AMFN

• Earth Science Tech’s ‘conglomerate’ business model has allowed it to leverage its internal tech stack, real estate, as well as ingredient-sourcing and manufacturing capabilities to capture the profit margins at every step that other companies are forced to outsource
• The company is focused on building a vertically integrated healthcare platform that combines compounding pharmacy operations, telemedicine platforms, clinical support, and direct-to-patient fulfillment
• Earth Science Tech now augments its healthcare operations through investments in real estate, asset management activities, and consumer products business

Earth Science Tech (OTCQB: ETST) is a strategic holding company that brings together innovative businesses across the healthcare, pharmacy, technology and telemedicine, real estate, and consumer products spaces. Its primary operating strategy is to continue building a successful vertically integrated healthcare platform that combines compounding pharmacy operations, telemedicine platforms, clinical support, and direct-to-patient fulfillment. It further supports its healthcare operations through investments in real estate, asset management activities, and consumer products.

Through the operation of these autonomous, revenue-generating divisions, Earth Science Tech has created a “conglomerate” business model that sets it apart from other traditional healthcare offerings in that it is heavily insulated from sector-specific risks. Its investment in real estate is also strategic. Through its subsidiary and diversified real estate company, Avenvi, ETST owns a growing portfolio of real estate holdings, some of which are used by Earth Science Tech’s own compounding pharmacies. For its part, Avenvi houses Mister Med’s standalone compounding pharmacy in Texas. (Mister Meds is one of ETST’s compounding pharmacy brands.)

Beyond the operational benefits, its “conglomerate” business model ensures that Earth Science Tech controls its supply chain. In August, for example, the company completed the acquisition of Zoolzy LLC, a wholesale distributor of active pharmaceutical ingredients (“APIs”) and finished FDA-approved prescription products. Operating out of a facility in Doral, Florida, Zoolzy is expected to provide ETST’s compounding pharmacies with expanded access to new, highly sought-after APIs. Moreover, the acquisition internalizes procurement of these crucial raw materials, ensuring that the pharmacies secure ingredients at competitive wholesale prices that enhance profit margins (https://ibn.fm/2wTyS).

By leveraging the collective competencies of its subsidiaries, including in-house tech stack, proprietary MOC Doctor network, compounding facilities, and owned real estate, ETST is able to capture the profit margins at every step that other companies are forced to outsource. These benefits reflect in its recent Q1 financial results for the three months ended June 30, 2026. The company’s net income rose 57% year-over-year, while net cash provided by operating activities increased 108% (https://ibn.fm/E7zvH).

“Our fiscal first quarter results reflect steady, compounding progress and the inherent operating leverage within our business model,” said Giorgio R. Saumat, CEO and Chairman of the Board, of the Q1 results. “All of our key operating subsidiaries remained profitable this quarter, further strengthening our balance sheet. While we are pleased with the trajectory, we maintain rigorous internal standards and are actively focused on driving even greater operational efficiencies.”

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.EarthScienceTech.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ETST are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ETST

Disseminated on behalf of Adaptogenics Health Corp. and may include paid advertising.

• The movement toward a regulated peptide market is increasing its momentum.
• A responsible peptide market needs four things: dependable supply, documented traceability, independent verification and better products grounded in evidence.
• Better products are the longer-term goal, and Adaptogenics’ research programs will be built around defined biological endpoints and development milestones.

Peptides are moving from the fringes of wellness culture toward the regulated pharmacy counter. Whether that shift protects patients will depend on something less visible than policy: proof of what is actually in each vial. Adaptogenics Health (CSE: ADPT) is building its peptide strategy around that proof.

The policy momentum is real. Earlier this month, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) sent an interim access policy for compounding using certain peptides to the White House. The policy could make it easier for pharmacies to compound some popular peptides, including BPC-157.

Access alone does not answer the FDA’s quality questions. For example, the agency has said compounded BPC-157 may pose a risk of immunogenicity, an unwanted immune response, for certain routes of administration. It also flagged complexities with peptide-related impurities and with characterizing the active ingredient itself.

Those concerns are sharper in the gray market. A “Pharmacy Times” review noted that BPC-157 is sold on multiple websites as a research chemical with variable purity. Scott Brunner of the Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding told the Boston Globe that unscrupulous actors are selling directly to patients without prescriptions.

Regulated pharmacies operate under a different standard. Federal law requires bulk drug substances used in pharmacy compounding to come from FDA-registered establishments with valid certificates of analysis. In practice, every ingredient entering a legitimate compounding pharmacy should carry documentation of where it came from and what it contains. Suppliers that cannot provide that record will struggle to serve the regulated market.

A responsible peptide market needs four things: dependable supply, documented traceability, independent verification and better products grounded in evidence. Those four needs line up with the platform Adaptogenics is building alongside its existing nutrition and supplement business.

Supply comes first. In its Oct. 19 strategy announcement, the company said it plans to source peptides from qualified good manufacturing  practice (“GMP”) manufacturers, referring to the quality standards regulators expect in drug production. Verification answers the FDA’s concerns most directly. Adaptogenics said independent third-party laboratories will verify the identity, purity and other critical quality attributes of its peptides. Testing of that kind is designed to catch the impurities and characterization problems regulators have flagged.

Traceability ties the system together. Adaptogenics plans a U.S.-based, GMP-standard supply network with documented chain-of-custody. It intends to rely on external manufacturing and analytical lab partners rather than building its own facilities. That approach mirrors what pharmacies will need from their suppliers. A documented record from manufacturer to lab to customer makes it easier to show where a peptide came from and how it was tested. With inspections and closer scrutiny expected, that record could become a competitive advantage.

Better products are the longer-term goal. Adaptogenics’ research programs will be built around defined biological endpoints and development milestones. Its initial areas of interest include mitochondrial biology and the resolution of inflammation.

That emphasis on measurable science reflects the background of CEO Dr. J. David Warren, a medicinal and peptide chemist with more than two decades of experience. Warren holds 17 issued patents and has more than 50 publications. In fact, his published mechanistic work on SS-31 helped lay the groundwork for elamipretide. Another company later developed that compound as Forzinity, which received accelerated FDA approval for Barth syndrome.

“The opportunity is not simply to identify interesting molecules, but to improve how they are designed, delivered, measured and advanced,” said Warren. “Our objective is to build proprietary assets supported by credible science, clear development pathways and meaningful intellectual property.”

Wider access may arrive before the quality infrastructure is fully in place. Companies such as Adaptogenics that can document, test and verify every step of the process may be the ones pharmacies trust first.

For more information, visit www.AdaptogenicsCorp.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ADPT are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ADPT

• Earlier this month, “Men’s Fitness,” reviewed the unbuzzd clinical trial and described the early study findings as “promising.”
• Results showed that estimated blood alcohol concentration was significantly lower and participants experienced improved self-rated alertness and lower headache severity.
• For operators in this space, the stakes reach beyond the morning after.

Most recovery drinks promise relief after a night out, yet few have been tested against a placebo in a registered human trial. One that has is now getting a close look from a major fitness publication. Quantum BioPharma (NASDAQ: QNTM), a biopharmaceutical company developing therapies for neurodegenerative, metabolic and alcohol misuse disorders, has invented unbuzzd, a supplement drink designed to support alcohol metabolism, and keeps royalty and equity interests in the consumer brand.

Earlier this month, “Men’s Fitness,” reviewed the unbuzzd clinical trial and described the early study findings as “promising.” The magazine notes that “a small clinical trial found improvements in alcohol readings, alertness, and headache symptoms . . . [offering] early encouragement. Researchers reported lower estimated blood alcohol concentrations at several time points, improved alertness, and less severe headaches on some assessments. The study was small and company-sponsored, so the findings need confirmation—but they provide something concrete to examine beyond the product’s promises.”

The trial, which was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, enrolled 26 healthy adults with 24 completing both sessions. Each participant drank a measured amount of alcohol, then received unbuzzd in one session and a placebo in the other.

That crossover design allowed researchers to compare each participant against themselves. Results showed that estimated blood alcohol concentration was significantly lower with the supplement at 30, 60 and 240 minutes. Researchers also reported lower cumulative alcohol exposure over the four-hour window and improved self-rated alertness. Headaches showed one of the clearest differences. At four hours, average headache severity was 2.20 with unbuzzd versus 6.72 with placebo on a 0-100 scale.

The review was balanced. Men’s Fitness noted the study was small and company sponsored, and a broader hangover severity scale showed no significant advantage. It reported no serious adverse events and called for larger, independent trials to confirm the results.

Why does a single magazine review matter? The hangover recovery aisle is crowded, and “Men’s Fitness” observed that an ingredient list says little about how a finished formula performs. A product with placebo-controlled human data stands apart in a category built largely on marketing claims.

For operators in this space, the stakes reach beyond the morning after. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that excessive alcohol use is responsible for an estimated 178,00 deaths in the country every year, shortening the lives of those who die by an average of 24 years. Economically, excessive alcohol use has been associated with an annual cost of $249 billion.  The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends evidence-based strategies to prevent excessive alcohol use and related harms at the population level, including increasing alcohol taxes, regulating the number and concentration of places that sell alcohol, and having other policies that reduce the availability and accessibility of alcohol.

Responsible use remains essential. The CDC notes that caffeine does not reduce alcohol’s effects on the body and “Men’s Fitness” stated that feeling alert is not the same as being fit to drive. Quantum BioPharma’s own materials state that unbuzzd does not permit anyone to operate a vehicle after drinking.

For Quantum BioPharma, mainstream editorial coverage carries the trial beyond investor audiences and into the hands of everyday consumers. The company’s business model gives Quantum direct exposure to unbuzzd’s growth. Quantum receives a 7% royalty on unbuzzd sales until payments reach $250 million, after which the rate falls to 3% in perpetuity. The company also holds an equity stake in the brand’s operator and keeps all rights to pharmaceutical and medical versions of the formula.

The unbuzzd platform began in Quantum BioPharma’s labs. The company describes it as a science-backed functional beverage designed to support alcohol metabolism and restore mental alertness after drinking. “Men’s Fitness” lists caffeine, methylliberine, dihydromyricetin and B vitamins among its active ingredients.

Quantum spun the over-the-counter version out to Unbuzzd Wellness Inc., formerly Celly Nutrition Corp. The product is sold as ready-to-mix powder sticks in 3-pack, 8-pack and 18-pack formats through unbuzzd.com and Amazon.

Quantum is also pursuing a second market with the same science. Noting the  product could address an unmet need in healthcare settings, the company is developing REKVRY, a formulation aimed at alcohol intoxication in hospital and emergency settings. Quantum is also building leadership for its next stage, appointing Michael “Zappy” Zapolin as Unbuzzd Wellness CEO to guide the product’s commercial push.

These efforts show how one formulation could reach both consumers and clinicians. “Men’s Fitness” concluded that unbuzzd is a product worth following as research develops and larger independent trials confirm its early findings. For Quantum BioPharma, each new study and each wider audience adds to a story that began in its own labs.

For more information, visit www.QuantumBioPharma.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to QNTM are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/QNTM

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) and may include paid advertising.

• The U.S. Army is requesting information aimed at fielding resilient positioning across every unit and operational domain, specifically because GPS signals coded for military use are now denied in contested environments.
• SPARC’s flagship product, Overwatch, is described as a GPS-denied positioning and targeting network for uncrewed systems.
• The company sponsored the Ukrainian Defense Tech Pavilion Reception at the Association of the United States Army’s 2026 Annual Meeting and Exposition.

Satellite navigation used to be something militaries could count on without a second thought. That assumption is gone. GPS signals are now routinely jammed or spoofed in active conflict zones, and uncrewed systems that depend on them can lose both their sense of direction and their abilities to find a target. SPARC AI (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) builds software designed to keep drones and other platforms operating when satellite positioning fails, and the company’s work in Ukraine and at a major U.S. defense conference this fall shows how urgently that capability is being sought.

The shift has a name inside the Pentagon: assured positioning, navigation and timing (“PNT”). The U.S. Army’s Program Executive Office for Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors has pushed its Mounted Assured PNT System into a second generation, issuing a request for information aimed at fielding resilient positioning across every unit and operational domain, specifically because GPS signals coded for military use are now denied in contested environments. Collins Aerospace, the incumbent on the current contract, has already collected more than $600 million combined on related awards, a sign of how much money is moving into this category.

That procurement pressure isn’t limited to the United States. NATO allies and partners such as Australia are pursuing similar programs, reflecting a shared recognition that electronic warfare has made GPS an unreliable foundation for modern militaries. The Army’s own PNT leadership has said that GPS alone was never meant to be the Army’s full strategy, a view that has only grown stronger as jamming and spoofing have become routine rather than rare. For drones and other uncrewed systems, the stakes are especially high, since losing GPS can mean losing both navigation and the ability to geolocate a target.

What makes this moment different from earlier PNT efforts is the growing preference for software-based fixes over entirely new hardware. Replacing sensors across an existing fleet is slow and expensive, while a platform-agnostic system that lays onto equipment already in the field can be fielded at something closer to the speed of software updates. That is the opening SPARC AI is built around, delivering network-level resilience rather than a new sensor suite.

The company’s flagship product, Overwatch, is described as a GPS-denied positioning and targeting network for uncrewed systems. It takes telemetry already coming from a drone or similar platform and returns an absolute latitude and longitude, without requiring new onboard hardware or edge software, and without relying on GPS at all. According to the company, it is delivered as a stateless service, meaning it functions as a network capability rather than something that must be installed piece by piece on every device.

SPARC AI recently brought that pitch directly to the people who decide what the military buys. The company sponsored the Ukrainian Defense Tech Pavilion Reception at the Association of the United States Army’s 2026 Annual Meeting and Exposition, held this month in Washington, DC. A private reception drew up to 200 guests, including representatives from Ukraine, allied nations and partner defense technology companies, at what the release describes as North America’s largest land-power exposition.

CEO Matt McCrann and Darren Wolfe, the company’s director of Federal and Public Safety, attended and met with Army program offices, allied partners, drone manufacturers and systems integrators. McCrann also presented SPARC AI’s technology at the reception, sharing details from deploying the product in Ukraine. According to the company, Overwatch was tested in a fully GPS-denied environment near the front line and returned positions accurate to within one meter.

The release frames the appearance as more than a marketing moment, positioning it as a chance to connect directly with the people shaping how assured PNT capability is bought and fielded. For a company betting that software, not new hardware, is the fastest way to solve GPS denial, a room full of Army program offices and allied defense buyers is close to the ideal audience.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

• Silynxcom hearing protection systems fit a wide range of commercial/civilian use cases for industrial operations, security, sport shooting, and any environments where people need both noise reduction and situational awareness, without the solution being too bulky.
• These systems are lightweight and ergonomic, rugged, dustproof, waterproof, and compatible with glasses, helmets, and other types of gear users may need to wear.

Shooters may spend thousands on their guns, optics, ammunition, and eyewear, yet often protect their hearing with only a few cents’ worth of foam. The same gap between investment and protection shows up wherever people work or train in loud environments, from firing ranges and hunting grounds to factory floors.

Silynxcom (NYSE American: SYNX), a developer and manufacturer of rugged tactical communication gear and hearing protection systems, challenges the idea that hearing protection needs to be bulky in order to be rugged, or fragile to be compact and lightweight.

Silynx’s Pro line of products, such as the Clarus II Pro and Clarus Pro X, offers in-ear active hearing protection rated up to a Noise Reduction Rating (“NRR”) of 31 dB (34 SNR), user-controlled enhanced situational awareness, and true directional hearing. The Pro line is designed for hearing protection without radio communications. For users who also need to communicate over a radio, the company’s Clarus line combines the same hearing protection and situational awareness with in-ear voice capture and modular radio connectivity.

The earbuds are compact (weighing only 5 grams each), ergonomic, and ventilated, making them comfortable during extended wear. They’re also compatible with helmets, and easy to wear with sunglasses, safety glasses, dust-protection eyewear, and more.

Despite this small size, the systems are rugged, impact-resistant, and built to MIL-STD-810 standards. They’re also IP68 rated, and thus waterproof and dustproof.

While these systems have clear military and defense applications, things like hearing protection, situational awareness, and communication in loud environments are of significant value for civilian use. As a result, Silynx’s Pro line (hearing protection) and Clarus line (hearing protection with communications) fit many commercial applications. The opportunity is sizable: Knowledge Sourcing Intelligence projects the global hearing protection equipment market to grow from about $2.5 billion in 2025 to roughly $3.4 billion by 2030. Within that market, Mordor Intelligence forecasts active devices, the category Silynx’s products belong to, to grow at a 10.7% CAGR through 2031, outpacing passive products.

For law enforcement and security personnel who need radio communications, the Clarus line can replace bulky over-ear systems or standard microphone handsets, and preserve directional hearing and situational awareness when in heavy gear. For personnel who don’t need radio communications, the Pro line delivers the same hearing protection and situational awareness as a dedicated non-comms system. In the U.S. alone, more than 1.2 million federal, state, and local law enforcement officers are required to train regularly with firearms, according to Bureau of Justice Statistics data cited by NIOSH, which has measured peak impulse noise of up to 170 dB during firearms training.

For sport shooters, range safety officers, and firearms instructors, the Pro line’s high noise reduction ratings paired with ambient sound amplification can help protect hearing on the range, while still letting people easily hear instructions or conversations. More than 52.7 million people in the U.S. took part in sport and target shooting in 2024, according to the National Shooting Sports Foundation (“NSSF”). Hearing damage from shooting is permanent, and proper protection can preserve hearing for a lifetime.

Hunters benefit from Silynx’s Pro line, as its compact earbuds won’t interfere with hats, binoculars, or gun stocks. Also, the durability of these systems ensures they’re ready for many different environments and weather conditions. Because they help improve situational awareness, they can help hunters detect moving game or footsteps in the distance. The segment is substantial: 14.4 million Americans hunted in 2022 and spent $19.6 billion on equipment for hunting, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 2022 National Survey.

These headsets are also used in industrial operations, or any other workplace where people need active noise reduction that isn’t bulky and doesn’t hinder situational awareness. They greatly dampen steady industrial noise from heavy machinery or equipment, and the fact that they’re ventilated, light, and low-profile makes them suitable for hot, sweaty, or confined environments. According to NIOSH, about 27 million U.S. workers were exposed to hazardous noise on the job in the past year, and 53% of noise-exposed workers report not wearing hearing protection. NIOSH researchers point to comfort and the need to hear speech and warning signals as key barriers, a gap that comfortable, low-profile protection with situational awareness can help close.

For investors, this points to a broader addressable market for Silynx’s core technology, with its active in-ear protection positioned in one of the fastest-growing segments of the hearing protection market.

About Silynxcom Ltd. (NYSE American: SYNX)

Silynx is a manufacturer and developer of ruggedized tactical communication and hearing protection systems designed for demanding environments. This includes the military, law enforcement, sport shooting, riot control, and industrial markets. It has also developed a differentiated tactical communications platform that combines proprietary in-ear voice capture, Hear-Thru situational awareness, hearing protection, modular radio connectivity, and more.

For more information, visit Silynx’s website at https://silynxcom.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SYNX are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SYNX

Disseminated on behalf of SuperQ Quantum Computing Inc. and may include paid advertisements.

• SuperQ’s live Super(TM) platform enables users to address complex computational challenges, while the company continues developing its broader hybrid quantum computing ecosystem.
• Super OS(TM) is in development as a cloud and on-site operating system for hybrid quantum computing, while Super Nova(TM) represents SuperQ’s quantum computer and foundry initiative.
• The company’s strategy brings together existing software capabilities, operating system development, hardware innovation and defense applications.

As quantum computing moves toward practical applications, a key challenge is connecting emerging quantum technologies with the computing infrastructure organizations already use. Beyond processor development, broader adoption may depend on software capable of coordinating different computing architectures, supporting integration and accommodating deployment and security requirements.

SuperQ Quantum Computing (CSE: QBTQ) (OTCQB: QBTQF) is advancing its quantum computing strategy across existing software capabilities and developing hardware initiatives. Its live Super(TM) platform enables users to tackle complex optimization, simulation and artificial intelligence workloads. Building on this foundation, Super OS(TM) is in development as a cloud and on-site operating system for hybrid quantum computing, intended to coordinate conventional central processing units (“CPUs”), graphics processing units (“GPUs”) and quantum processing units (“QPUs”) within a unified computing environment.

Interoperability is a central component of SuperQ’s Super OS(TM) development strategy. According to the company’s development roadmap, the initial phase of Super OS(TM) focuses on application programming interface-driven solver orchestration, allowing computing resources to be coordinated through higher-level interfaces. Subsequent development is intended to introduce more direct, low-level quantum control electronics and error decoding, potentially extending the platform’s role toward deeper hardware integration.

SuperQ also intends to support compatible third-party quantum computers alongside its own planned systems. A hardware-agnostic approach could give organizations greater flexibility in evaluating and integrating quantum computing resources without necessarily committing to a single equipment provider. Realizing this opportunity, however, will depend on technical execution, supported integration and demonstrable customer value.

Complementing its software capabilities, SuperQ is developing Super Nova(TM), its quantum computer and foundry initiative. The project is intended to support the company’s broader hybrid quantum computing strategy, with Super OS(TM) designed to operate natively within the planned hardware architecture.

These considerations may also be relevant to government and defense organizations, where cybersecurity, data residency and operational requirements can influence technology adoption. SuperQ’s interests in sovereign computing, post-quantum cybersecurity and tactical optimization extend its strategy beyond conventional enterprise workloads. The company has reported that its Super Edge(TM) platform met performance targets during an evaluated U.S. military operational exercise, providing a specific milestone for its defense-focused software efforts.

Commercial software and hardware development could ultimately reinforce one another within SuperQ’s strategy. Software offerings can provide opportunities to demonstrate applications and build customer relationships, while continued hardware development may support organizations seeking more integrated or dedicated computing infrastructure. The extent of that opportunity will depend on development progress, successful integration, customer demand and commercial execution.

By pursuing interoperability alongside its own hardware ambitions, SuperQ is working toward an approach in which quantum software and computing infrastructure are designed to complement one another. The company’s progress in connecting these elements will be an important factor in determining how effectively its broader hybrid quantum computing vision can translate into practical applications.

For more information, visit www.SuperQ.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to QBTQF are available in the company’s newsroom at ibn.fm/QBTQF

• The company demonstrated its SSi Mantra surgical robotic system and SSi MantrAsana tele-surgeon console at two international medical conferences in October 2026.
• At the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery annual meeting in Barcelona, CEO Dr. Sudhir Srivastava performed a robotic-assisted atrial septal defect procedure on a patient approximately 7,500 miles away in Bengaluru, India.
• Four additional robotic telesurgeries were performed or broadcast during the inaugural Society of Robotic Surgery India conference, covering urological, colorectal, pediatric and gynecological procedures.
• The company reported 205 telesurgeries performed with the SSi Mantra system as of October 23, 2026, including cardiac procedures.
• The demonstrations highlight the potential for remote robotic surgery to extend specialist expertise beyond major medical centers, although widespread adoption depends on clinical validation, connectivity and regulatory requirements.
• SS Innovations is pursuing U.S. Food and Drug Administration clearance for the SSi Mantra, with completion of the 510(k) review targeted for the first quarter of 2027; the timeline remains subject to the FDA’s review.

SS Innovations (NASDAQ: SSII), a developer of innovative surgical robotic technologies, showcased its surgical robotics platform in a series of remote operations during October medical conferences in Spain and India, including a robotic-assisted cardiac procedure performed by a surgeon approximately 7,500 miles from the patient (https://ibn.fm/EZFDT).

The demonstrations featured the company’s SSi Mantra surgical robotic system and SSi MantrAsana tele-surgeon console. At the 40th European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (“EACTS”) annual meeting in Barcelona, SS Innovations Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Dr. Sudhir Srivastava remotely performed an atrial septal defect procedure on a patient at Sri Madhusudan Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Bengaluru, India.

Dr. Lalit Malik, chief cardiac surgeon of Manipal Hospital Jaipur, provided patient-side support. The procedure was performed live on stage for conference attendees, demonstrating the system’s ability to transmit a surgeon’s commands over a long distance while enabling the operating team at the patient’s location to provide direct clinical support.

The company’s announcement on October 26 also described four separate telesurgeries performed or broadcast during the inaugural Society of Robotic Surgery (“SRS”) India conference in New Delhi. The New Delhi demonstrations covered a right partial nephrectomy, a right hemicolectomy, a left-sided pyeloplasty on a pediatric patient, and a modified radical hysterectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy.

The procedures involved different surgical specialties, offering a broader demonstration of the platform’s potential applications than a single-procedure showcase. The conference was organized by the Society of Robotic Surgery and officially inaugurated by India’s Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Jitendra Singh.

“We were grateful for the opportunity to demonstrate the advanced telesurgery capabilities of our SSi Mantra surgical robotic system and SSi MantrAsana tele-surgeon console this month at the 40th EACTS Annual Meeting in Barcelona and the inaugural SRS India Conference in New Delhi,” Dr. Srivastava said. “As a pioneer and leader in telesurgery technology, SS Innovations aims to dismantle traditional geographic barriers and democratize access to world class health care.”

Taken together, the two events brought the technology before audiences in cardiothoracic surgery and the wider robotic surgery community. The demonstrations also underscored the company’s effort to position telesurgery as an extension of its existing surgical robotics business. As of October 23, SS Innovations reported that 205 telesurgeries, including complex cardiac procedures, had been performed using the SSi Mantra system.

The SSi MantrAsana is a portable tele-surgeon console designed to provide control functionality comparable to the standard surgeon command center while supporting remote procedures. The company says its architecture combines ultra-low-latency connectivity with high-definition visualization and precise instrument control.

Latency is a central technical consideration in telesurgery. Delays between a surgeon’s movements and the robotic system’s response can affect the precision of an operation. Reliable connections and appropriate clinical protocols are therefore essential, particularly when a surgeon and patient are separated by thousands of miles.

The SSi Mantra itself is a modular robotic platform designed for a range of procedures. Its configuration can include three to five robotic arms, a surgeon command center with a 3D 4K display, and instruments intended for different surgical specialties. The system also supports instruments designed for pediatric and ear, nose and throat procedures.

Its modular architecture is intended to accommodate a variety of operating-room requirements. The company has reported clinical validation in India across more than 190 types of surgical procedures.

SS Innovations’ commercial proposition combines this broad procedural capability with an emphasis on making robotic surgery more affordable and accessible. Price can influence adoption, particularly in healthcare markets where hospitals face constraints on capital spending. However, the ability to demonstrate reliable performance and meet local regulatory requirements remains essential to broader deployment.

SS Innovations is also pursuing entry into the U.S. market. The company has submitted a response to an FDA request for additional information concerning its 510(k) submission for the SSi Mantra system. The response included final data from an expanded human clinical validation study, according to the company’s update. SS Innovations is targeting completion of the FDA review in the first quarter of 2027. The company is also working toward CE marking to support broader access to European markets. 

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.SSInnovations.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SSII are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SSII