• Gold, copper supply gap is why a dormant deposit with known reserves, rather than one still being explored, has become a more valuable asset than it was a decade ago.
• Numa Numa Resources is an infrastructure developer and investor focused on the resources of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, a Papua New Guinea province in the South Pacific.
• What remains underground at the company’s Panguna Mine is what makes the project significant.

Gold has spent 2026 setting records, and copper is running short of the supply the world needs to keep up with demand, a combination that has investors hunting for the deposits capable of meeting that demand. Few fit that description better than Numa Numa Resources, Inc., which controls one of the largest undeveloped copper-gold sites on the planet. 

Gold reached an all-time high of $5,597.23 per ounce in January before pulling back to roughly $4,300 an ounce by late September. J.P. Morgan analysts still see the metal averaging $4,600 to $4,700 an ounce for the year, with a year-end target near $5,000, a level the bank has described as marking gold’s shift from a defensive safe haven into a structural wealth-preservation asset.

Copper tells a similar story from the supply side. Forecasters including Morgan Stanley and J.P. Morgan point to a widening structural deficit as electrification, data centers and grid expansion push demand higher faster than new mines can be permitted and built. The International Energy Agency projects that copper demand tied to electricity grids alone could rise sharply through 2040 under a net-zero emissions scenario. That supply gap is exactly why a dormant deposit with known reserves, rather than one still being explored, has become a more valuable asset than it was a decade ago.

Numa Numa Resources is an infrastructure developer and investor focused on the resources of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, a Papua New Guinea province in the South Pacific. Its flagship asset is the reconstruction of the Panguna Mine, alongside three smaller projects: exploration in the Mainoki and Karato areas, the Manetai Limestone and Lime Project, and a proposed hydroelectric utility, the Bougainville Power & Light Project.

Panguna is the reason the company’s name keeps surfacing in mining circles. Developed by Rio Tinto and operated from 1972 to 1989, the open-pit mine produced roughly 3 million tonnes of copper and 9.3 million ounces of gold before landowner grievances over profit sharing and environmental damage triggered a civil conflict that shut it down. Ownership returned to Bougainville under a 2001 peace agreement, and the mine has sat idle since, its infrastructure stripped and its pit partly reclaimed by jungle.

What remains underground is what makes the project significant. Citing Bougainville Copper Limited’s annual report and the U.S. Geological Survey’s 2024 Mineral Commodity Summaries, the company puts Panguna’s known copper reserves at 5.3 million metric tons, roughly 5.3% of the world’s total, worth an estimated $45 billion at January 2024 prices. Known gold reserves stand at 547.15 metric tons, about 1% of global reserves, valued near $40 billion at the same benchmark, with the company saying it believes additional resources exist beyond what historical drilling has already confirmed.

Rebuilding a mine of that scale could take significant funding and extensive permitting and engineering work. Numa Numa Resources has positioned itself as a development partner rather than a sole operator, aiming to work alongside larger mining companies while retaining a role as infrastructure and development partner on the ground in Bougainville.

Beyond Panguna, the company has applied for exploration licenses through its subsidiary, Lakeville Mines Limited, covering the Mainoki and Karato areas, sites that earlier work by CRA Exploration flagged as prospective for porphyry-style copper and gold similar to Panguna’s geology. Numa Numa has also secured an exploration license to redevelop the Manetai Limestone and Lime Project, a former commercial lime site, completing a prefeasibility study in 2022; they have applied for that exploration license to be extended. A fourth initiative, the Bougainville Power & Light Project, has been approved for a feasibility study covering up to 10 megawatts of hydroelectric capacity, infrastructure a reopened Panguna would eventually need.

Numa Numa leadership draws heavily on prior experience building infrastructure businesses in emerging markets. Chairman and CEO John D. Kuhns previously founded and led China Hydroelectric Corporation, a New York Stock Exchange-listed power producer, and has led Numa Numa Resources since 2016. He is joined by President and COO Shad Stastney, also a China Hydroelectric investor and board member, and a board that includes mining engineer Ian Smith, a former mine superintendent at the Panguna Mine itself. On the ground in Bougainville, senior consulting geologist Lawrence Queen brings more than 35 years of regional exploration experience, including a prior post as principal economic geologist for Papua New Guinea’s geological survey.

With gold near record territory and copper facing a deficit few forecasters expect to close soon, a deposit the size of the Panguna Mine, dormant for more than three decades, is one the market may not be able to ignore.

For more information, visit www.NumaNumaResources.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to Numa Numa are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/NUMA

• Telerobotic surgery is moving from isolated demonstrations toward broader clinical and regulatory development, a recent article reads.
• SS Innovations CEO Dr. Sudhir Srivastava told MedTech Dive that robotic surgery is inherently a form of teleoperation and that the central technical question is how much distance can be introduced without compromising responsiveness.
• The company reported 195 robotic telesurgeries using its SSi Mantra system as of Sept 28, 2026, including cardiac procedures and long-distance operations.
• The company’s installed base reached 244 SSi Mantra systems as of September 28, up 45% from the end of 2025, while cumulative procedures reached 14,503.
• SSi Mantra has expanded into 12 countries, with recent cardiac-surgery programs launched in Colombia and Sri Lanka and a new program established at HCG Hospital in Ahmedabad.
• SS Innovations is currently pursuing U.S. FDA clearance and European Union CE marking as it seeks to expand the system into additional international markets.

The growing interest in telerobotic surgery is putting SS Innovations International (NASDAQ: SSII) and its founder and CEO, cardiac surgeon Dr. Sudhir Srivastava, in an increasingly relevant part of the surgical robotics market. A recent MedTech Dive report, “Telerobotic surgery is advancing around the world. Will the US embrace it?,” examined the technology’s development and the regulatory and infrastructure questions surrounding remote surgery. The article highlighted SS Innovations alongside larger medical-device companies and emerging robotics developers (https://ibn.fm/4ZLvL).

For SS Innovations, the discussion comes as its SSi Mantra system is accumulating experience in telesurgery while the company expands its broader robotic surgery footprint.

Srivastava told MedTech Dive that robotic surgery itself can be viewed as teleoperation because the surgeon already works from a console away from the patient, controlling instruments through robotic arms.

The more difficult question concerns distance. “There will always be some delay,” Srivastava said, citing digital processing of video and hand signals. The issue, he said, is determining how far a surgeon can be from the patient while maintaining the required level of responsiveness.

That question is becoming more practical as communications networks and surgical robotics improve. Telerobotic surgery remains an early-stage application. MedTech Dive cited an estimate that roughly 5,000 remote surgeries have been performed globally to date, compared with more than 20 million procedures performed using Intuitive’s robotic systems since their introduction.

The article also pointed to several developments indicating growing institutional interest. In the United States, more than half of Americans live more than an hour from a stroke center capable of performing thrombectomy, according to ARPA-H. The agency has awarded up to $175.3 million to a group of universities and companies, including Siemens Healthineers and Philips, to develop robots capable of supporting long-distance stroke procedures.

Yet no surgical robot is currently authorized in the U.S. specifically for remote procedures. That regulatory gap contrasts with developments in other markets, including India and China. SS Innovations received expanded approval in India for teleproctoring and telesurgery in November 2024 and has also received approval for telesurgery in Indonesia and the Philippines.

The company’s approach encompasses both remote surgical assistance and fully remote procedures. Teleproctoring allows an experienced surgeon to provide guidance to another surgical team without traveling, while telesurgery takes the concept further by allowing the remote surgeon to control the robotic system.

The company’s recent operating figures provide context for its position in the field. SS Innovations reported 244 SSi Mantra systems installed as of September 28, compared with 168 at the end of 2025. That represents a 45% increase in the installed base.

Cumulative procedures reached 14,503, up from 7,885 at the end of 2025. SS Innovations also reported that approximately 1,500 physicians had been trained on SSi Mantra, which has been used in more than 188 validated surgical procedures.

Telesurgery is one component of that activity rather than the company’s primary source of business. As of August 31, SS Innovations reported 188 robotic telesurgeries using SSi Mantra. Among them have been procedures covering substantial geographic distances. One July operation connected surgeons at Hospital Internacional de Colombia in Bucaramanga with a patient at Mohak Bariatrics and Robotics in Indore, India, across more than 13,600 miles of fiber-network distance.

In September, SSi Mantra was also used for what the company described as the first telesurgery within the Philippines, connecting Pampanga and Cotabato across approximately 1,710 kilometers. The company has reported more than 25 cardiac telesurgeries using SSi Mantra. Srivastava himself performed a cardiac telesurgery between Guyana and India in May.

The developments in telesurgery are occurring alongside a broader expansion of SSi Mantra in conventional robotic surgery. In July, SS Innovations launched a robotic cardiac surgery program at La Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia. The program included Colombia’s first Totally Endoscopic Beating-Heart Bypass Surgery using SSi Mantra.

In August, Kings Hospital Colombo installed the first SSi Mantra system in Sri Lanka. The hospital subsequently performed the country’s first robotic-assisted cardiac surgery with the platform and more than 25 additional robotic procedures during the system’s first three weeks.

On September 24, SS Innovations announced the launch of another robotic cardiac surgery program at HCG Hospital in Ahmedabad, India. The program began with a robotic left internal mammary artery take-down performed by Dr. Brajmohan Singh and proctored by Dr. Lalit Malik.

The geographic expansion now extends the SSi Mantra installed base to 12 countries.

The system itself is designed as a modular platform with three to five robotic arms, 3D 4K visualization and more than 40 types of robotic endosurgical instruments. The company’s portfolio also includes SSi Mudra instruments and the portable MantrAsana tele-surgeon console.

The U.S. market represents an important potential expansion opportunity, but it also presents a regulatory hurdle. SS Innovations submitted its SSi Mantra 510(k) premarket notification to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in December 2025. The company expects the FDA review to be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2027. It is also pursuing European Union CE marking, which it expects by the end of 2026.

The MedTech Dive report underscores why those milestones matter. Intuitive, Medtronic and Johnson & Johnson are developing connected surgical capabilities, while newer companies are pursuing remote procedures for applications such as stroke treatment.

But the article also highlighted unresolved issues involving surgeon credentialing, licensing, reimbursement, network reliability and contingency planning if communications are interrupted.

For SS Innovations, the existing telesurgery record provides a clinical foundation as those questions are worked through. Srivastava told MedTech Dive that rural populations face access problems across countries and that patients may need time to become comfortable with the idea of receiving surgery from a physician working remotely.

The company has already demonstrated that the technology can support procedures across significant distances. Its next challenge is translating those demonstrations and its expanding robotic installed base into a broader, regulated market as the industry determines how telerobotic surgery can be deployed safely and consistently.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.SSInnovations.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SSII are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SSII

• Nightfood Holdings has formed TechForce Advanced Manufacturing to pursue a strategic partnership with JUN LONG MACHINE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
• The new venture is targeting initial production and revenue generation in Q4 2026, supported by existing purchase orders held by JUN LONG.
• The partnership will initially focus on automated wafer sorting and optical inspection equipment for 8-inch and 12-inch semiconductor wafers.

Nightfood Holdings Inc. (OTCQB: NGTF), doing business as TechForce Robotics, is taking another step toward expanding its technology and automation business into semiconductor manufacturing equipment with the formation of TechForce Advanced Manufacturing, Inc.

The newly established Nevada corporation is being created to pursue a strategic advanced-manufacturing partnership with JUN LONG MACHINE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., bringing together manufacturing expertise, technical capabilities and commercialization resources. The venture is intended to be owned 51% by Nightfood and 49% by JUN LONG.

Under the planned arrangement, JUN LONG is expected to contribute manufacturing expertise, product-development capabilities, technical know-how and customer relationships. Nightfood, meanwhile, is expected to provide access to capital-raising resources, public-company infrastructure, strategic oversight and commercialization support.

Importantly, the venture is being established with an existing source of potential demand. JUN LONG currently holds purchase orders from key customers, representing orders that TechForce Advanced Manufacturing expects to begin fulfilling once the definitive agreement is completed. The company is therefore targeting the start of production and initial revenue generation in Q4 2026, subject to the completion of the agreement, customer orders and applicable qualification requirements.

The timing and amount of any resulting revenue will depend on production schedules, deliveries, customer acceptance and other factors. Even so, the existing purchase orders provide an important commercial component to the planned expansion as Nightfood prepares to establish additional manufacturing capacity, suppliers, engineering support and customer-integration resources.

The initial commercial focus will be an automated Wafer Sorter and Automated Optical Inspection (“AOI”) system designed to support both 8-inch and 12-inch silicon wafers.

The system is designed to combine automated inspection and grading, identification-based sorting, robotic wafer handling, front-side optical character recognition (“OCR”) and optional Semiconductor Equipment Communication Standard (“SECS”) factory connectivity. These capabilities are intended to support wafer identification, transfer, sorting and inspection across semiconductor and advanced-packaging production environments.

The opportunity comes as semiconductor manufacturing continues to demand increasingly automated and sophisticated equipment. The global semiconductor wafer inspection equipment market is expected to grow from approximately $7.05 billion in 2026 to roughly $9.67 billion by 2030.

The technology also has applications related to Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (“CoWoS”), an advanced packaging approach used to integrate chiplets, processors and high-bandwidth memory into high-performance packages supporting AI and other advanced computing applications.

For Nightfood Holdings, the formation of TechForce Advanced Manufacturing represents a move beyond simply developing automation technology toward establishing a manufacturing and commercialization platform around semiconductor equipment.

With JUN LONG contributing manufacturing and technical capabilities and Nightfood bringing public-company resources and commercialization support, the partnership is designed to combine complementary strengths while pursuing an immediate commercial opportunity.

As the companies work toward finalizing their definitive agreement and preparing the necessary manufacturing resources, the planned Q4 2026 production and revenue target gives investors a near-term milestone to watch as Nightfood advances its semiconductor manufacturing strategy.

For more information, visit the company’s website at TechForceRobotics.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to NGTF are available in the company’s newsroom at http://ibn.fm/NGTF

Disseminated on behalf of LaFleur Minerals Inc. and may include paid advertising.

• Near-term gold producer LaFleur Minerals is reporting new gold  discovery drill results at its Swanson Gold Project, near its flagship Swanson Gold Deposit within the project.
• The discovery hole   includes a near-surface intersection of 6.05 g/t Au over 8.00 meters, including 14.96 g/t Au over 3.00 meters, at its  newly discovered Bartec zone, establishing Bartec as a new priority for further exploration.
• LaFleur also reports it is negotiating the terms of a definitive agreement for a potential prepayment and offtake financing facility with global metal trader Trafigura Canada Limited.

BARTEC GOLD DISCOVERY

Canada-based gold explorer LaFleur Minerals (CSE: LFLR) (OTCQB: LFLRF) (FSE: 3WK0) announced on October 5,2026 that the company has recently extended gold mineralization beyond its main Swanson Gold Deposit.  Recent drill results include a new gold discovery at its Bartec Gold target, as well as positive results at other regional gold targets.  News Release:

LaFleur Minerals Intersects 6.05 g/t Au over 8.00 Metres, Including 14.96 g/t Au over 3.00 Metres, Near Surface at Bartec Target and Identifies Additional New Targets at the Swanson Property

No One Expected To Find So Much Gold In The Abitibi Gold Belt

The Bartec Discovery and the three additional showings are located within LaFleur’s larger Swanson Gold Project in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt of Eastern Canada.

The Abitibi Belt spans across the Ontario–Quebec border and is celebrated as one of the world’s largest Archean greenstone belts (https://ibn.fm/DqDKC) as well as the largest gold-producing region in Canada.

The Abitibi Greenstone Belt is one of the great gold belts of the world. Over 300 million ounces of gold have been delineated along its two principal deformation zones alone. Gold discoveries in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt have long attracted investor attention. Stretching across Quebec and Ontario, the region hosts some of Canada’s most productive gold mines and has produced tens of millions of ounces over several decades.

Several new gold discoveries have been made in the Abitibi this year, heightening LaFleur’s excitement about its exploration program’s prospects. Nobody expected to find so much gold in the Abitibi belt. New discoveries include:

• The Miroir and Aiguille zones of the Duparquet Gold Project in Western Quebec -First Mining Gold Corp. V.FFM (https://ibn.fm/nseeF)
• The Lac Guillet and Hoskin zones of the Belleterre Project in Western Quebec- Vior Inc T.VIO (https://ibn.fm/0Bctp)
• The Rosé Zone of the Perron Project in Western Quebec (https://ibn.fm/IDhhm)-Amex Gold Mining V.AMX
• The Fenelon Gold Project in Western Quebec- (https://ibn.fm/nLJM8) Wallbridge Mining Company V.WM
• The Duquesne West Gold Project in Western Quebec (https://ibn.fm/Q6sIj) Emperor Metals Inc V.AUOZ
• The O’Brien Gold Project in Western Quebec (https://ibn.fm/zxhDt) Radison Mining Resources V.RDS

In addition, major miners such as Eldorado Gold, Iamgold, and Agnico Eagle are also aggressively advancing their advanced-stage gold deposits within the Abitibi Gold Belt.

LaFleur’s Swanson Gold Project is likewise located in Western Quebec near the town of Val d’Or in the heart of the Abitibi Gold Belt and surrounded by numerous major gold deposits and discoveries. The district-scale  Swanson Gold Project’s location amidst all these gold deposits and discoveries gives the Swanson Gold Deposit outstanding gold-deposit prospectivity.

LAFLEUR MINERALS SWANSON GOLD PROJECT-DEMONSTRATED PROSPECTIVITY FOR NEW GOLD DISCOVERIES:

Among the company’s recent drill results, the Bartec target about 5 km from the Swanson Deposit includes a drill hole with a near-surface intersection of 6.05 grams per tonne of gold (g/t Au) over 8.00 meters, including 14.96 g/t Au over 3.00 meters, making it a new priority target for follow-up drilling to test the continuity of the mineralization along strike and down-dip because of its potential to increase total resources within the Swanson Gold Project, according to the company (https://ibn.fm/q3uTK).

The other two nearby targets, Jolin and Jackson, have revealed multiple mineralized zones within individual drill holes and extended gold mineralization approximately 1,200 meters west-northwest along strike, respectively.

“Bartec is the standout. … Bartec moves straight to the top of our follow-up drilling list,” CEO Andrew Elinesky stated in the Oct. 5 news release. The drilling at Bartec is the first modern-day hole analyzed at the showing since 1987 and was designed to validate and characterize the style of mineralization there.

For context regarding the company’s interest in the Bartec Target, reported historical intersections at Bartec (not verified by the company’s Qualified Person) included 3.4 g/t Au over 1.5 meters and 2.4 g/t Au over 0.7 meters (GM 05974), and 11.66 g/t Au with 6.86 g/t Ag over 0.2 meters at 110.2 meters downhole in hole 86-1 (GM 45030).

“We are very encouraged with these latest regional drilling results with several high-grade mineralized gold intervals with significant widths identified across the relatively underexplored regional trends at the Jolin, Bartec, and Jackson targets,” Vice President of Exploration Marc Ducharme added. “We are convinced that the Swanson Gold Project has the potential to host several large-scale gold deposits and our current drilling program is aligned on significantly expanding the existing mineral resource at the main Swanson Gold Deposit.”

LaFleur’s Oct. 5 news release supplements the company’s statement on Feb. 4 that outlined assay results from the initial 29 drill holes in its 64-hole regional drilling program exploring 16,331 meters (https://ibn.fm/Ne1dV).

LaFleur Minerals is well funded and plans to aggressively drill at its current Swanson Gold Deposit, which is the subject of a very positive PEA completed and announced on March 7,2026 and the new Bartec and Jolin and Jackson targets, with a goal to publish an expanded 43-101 Gold mineral Resource in Q2 2027.

The latest news release also notes that efforts to finalize a previously announced proposal for a prepayment and gold doré offtake financing arrangement continues to advance.

Trafigura Canada Limited, the world’s largest private metal trader, sent representatives to visit the Swanson Project and the Beacon Gold Mill in August as part of its due diligence in the contemplated arrangement that would provide LaFleur with up to C$30 million. The news release states the parties are negotiating the terms of a definitive agreement, and the company will provide a further update once the terms are finalized, if they are finalized.

For more information, visit the company’s website at LaFleurMinerals.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to LFLRF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/LFLRF

Qualified Person Statement:

All scientific and technical information contained in this article has been reviewed and approved by Louis Martin, P.Geo. (OGQ), Exploration Manager and Technical Advisor of the company and considered a Qualified Person for the purposes of NI 43-101.

• MindWave is developing and commercially providing the infrastructure behind an ecosystem centered on MindChain, MindWaveDAO and $NILA.
• MindChain serves as the EVM-compatible Layer 2, while purpose-built industry networks provide specialized environments for real-world applications.
• $NILA connects network utility, staking, participation and governance, giving the ecosystem an economic and community layer.

Blockchain adoption has increasingly moved beyond the question of whether businesses can use digital assets. The more important question is what infrastructure can support those applications as they become more complex and specialized.

That is where MindWave Innovations (NYSE American: APUS) is positioning its business.

Rather than building around a single application or token, MindWave’s newly defined ecosystem is structured around four interconnected components: MindWave as the infrastructure provider, MindChain as the underlying blockchain, MindWaveDAO as the community and governance layer, and $NILA as the utility and governance token.

At the center is MindChain, an EVM-compatible Layer 2 designed to serve as the shared blockchain foundation for the ecosystem. The network uses Ethereum as its settlement and finality anchor while incorporating validator infrastructure, bridges, developer tooling and application-specific network capabilities.

That architecture is important because MindChain is not intended to serve every application through a one-size-fits-all environment. Instead, the network can support purpose-built industry networks with configurable parameters designed around specific use cases.

The company’s current framework identifies four initial areas: InsurTech, ClimateTech, AdTech and real-world assets (“RWA”). Each operates as an industry-specific environment built on the broader MindChain foundation. BlockAssure, ALCI Credit, WavePlus and Nexus serve as flagship implementations within those respective networks.

This creates a structure that can be viewed less as a collection of disconnected blockchain projects and more as an ecosystem built in layers. MindChain provides the underlying infrastructure; industry networks organize that infrastructure around specific sectors; and applications use those networks to deliver products and services.

$NILA provides another layer to the model.

The token is designed as the utility and governance token of the MindWave ecosystem. On MindChain, $NILA is specified as the native gas token for the main network, while its broader functions include staking and delegation, validator-related participation, application utility and governance voting through MindWaveDAO.

MindWaveDAO, meanwhile, serves as the ecosystem coordination layer. $NILA holders can participate in governance proposals involving ecosystem initiatives, builder programs, resource allocations and other development priorities. Importantly, the company’s materials distinguish DAO governance from corporate governance: holding $NILA does not represent equity or shareholder rights in MindWave Innovations or independent companies within the ecosystem.

The ecosystem also incorporates a contribution model intended to connect commercial activity with continued development. Companies participating in the framework commit 25% of qualifying revenue generated through MindChain and its industry networks toward MindWaveDAO ecosystem and $NILA development. The stated objective is to create a cycle in which adoption generates resources for further ecosystem development, which can in turn support additional adoption.

For investors, that structure offers a different way to view MindWave’s opportunity. The company’s story is not simply about developing another blockchain or creating another digital token. It is about building an infrastructure layer where blockchain applications, industry-specific networks, validators, developers and community governance can operate within a connected ecosystem.

MindWave’s execution will ultimately determine whether that architecture can attract meaningful applications, network activity and commercial adoption. But with MindChain providing the foundation, specialized Subnets creating environments for different industries, MindWaveDAO coordinating the ecosystem and $NILA connecting utility with participation and governance, the company is positioning APUS around the infrastructure that can support the next stage of blockchain adoption.

For more information, visit the company’s website at MindWaveInnovations.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to APUS are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/APUS

• In a recent InvestorNews column, metals market analyst Jack Lifton discussed Greenland’s rare earth projects, noting Greenland Mines’ positioning in the space.
• The column arrives at a pivotal moment for the company, which closed its acquisition of Sarfartoq on September 1, 2026.
• After finalizing the acquisition, the company completed a substantial field program that advances the next phase of drilling, technical work and district-scale exploration.

As Western governments and manufacturers work to reduce their reliance on Chinese rare earth supply, Greenland has emerged as one of the most closely watched frontiers. The island hosts significant deposits of the magnet metals essential to electric vehicles, wind turbines and defense systems. Yet as one veteran industry analyst recently observed, a promising deposit is only the first step toward a functioning mine. Greenland Mines (NASDAQ: GRML) is central to that discussion, with its newly acquired Sarfartoq project featured prominently in his assessment of Greenland’s prospects.

In a recent InvestorNews column, metals market analyst Jack Lifton, co-chair of the Critical Minerals Institute, compared two of Greenland’s rare earth projects. He weighed GRML’s Sarfartoq against Critical Metals Corp.’s Tanbreez project and argued that the differences start with the rocks themselves.

Sarfartoq’s ST1 zone hosts bastnäsite and monazite, minerals the industry already knows how to process. Tanbreez relies on eudialyte, a silicate that has been difficult to treat because it can form silica gel. Critical Metals recently reported encouraging test results on that problem, though Lifton noted its refinery economics remain preliminary.

Lifton’s larger point is that chemistry is only part of the test. Any Greenland mine needs access, power, shipping, housing and trained workers, and each must be designed, funded and built. “In Greenland, a workable process is only one requirement,” he wrote, also noting that monazite can contain thorium, which calls for careful measurement and a credible waste plan. Greenland restricts mining where uranium exceeds 100 parts per million. Lifton emphasized that monazite’s presence alone does not mean Sarfartoq breaks those rules.

For Greenland Mines, the column arrives at a pivotal moment. The company closed its acquisition of Sarfartoq on September 1, 2026, following approval from the government of Greenland. It paid $20 million in cash and $15 million in securities value for Neo North Star Resources, the project’s owner.

That deal kept a processing partner close. Neo Performance Materials became a strategic shareholder and holds offtake rights for up to 60% of future Sarfartoq ore or concentrate. That material would be processed at Neo’s Silmet rare earth separation facility in Estonia.

The deposit also has meaningful scale. ST1 holds an Indicated resource of 6.9 million tons grading 1.60% total rare earth oxides, plus 5.3 million tons of Inferred resources at 0.96%. Neodymium and praseodymium, the key magnet metals, make up about 84% of the in-concentrate basket value.

An independent Initial Assessment put the high-case pre-tax net present value at about $2.05 billion, with a 118.6% internal rate of return. Excluding Inferred resources, those figures fall to $1.49 billion and 92.7%. The high case is a sensitivity scenario; it assumes a 15% higher basket price, 15% lower operating costs, and 20% lower capital costs. The company cautions that the study is preliminary and that no mineral reserves have been estimated.

Greenland Mines reports that at 2025 consumption levels, ST1’s planned annual output would equal about 34% of all reported NdPr oxide refined outside China. ST1 also covers well under 1% of the license area. This is an illustrative comparison only and depends on final production, but it illustrates potential impact. Five additional known rare earth occurrences remain largely untested, but the company is moving to test that upside. It has applied for a new 262-square-kilometer license east of Sarfartoq. If approved, the move would expand the project’s position to about 454 square kilometers.

Funding addresses another issue Lifton raised. In late September, Greenland Mines raised more than $42 million from existing investors at $12 per share, noting that it is funded through its 2027 milestones. It also completed an early-stage mapping and sampling program at Sarfartoq. 

“Now it’s about execution,” said Greenland Mines President Bo Møller Stensgaard. “At Sarfartoq, we closed the acquisition on September 1 and within weeks completed a substantial field program that advances the next phase of drilling, technical work and district-scale exploration. I’m proud of what this team has accomplished — and even more excited about what comes next. This is the pace and discipline we intend to bring to every asset in the Greenland Mines portfolio.”

All of this work points toward a Pre-Feasibility Study. These are the steps that begin to answer the practical questions Lifton says will separate deposits from mines. Greenland Mines also sees a wider regional role. Its North Atlantic strategy envisions linking Greenland resources with downstream processing and logistics in Iceland. That approach targets the infrastructure gap that Arctic projects face.

“Sarfartoq’s mineral distribution is a real point in its favor,” concluded Lifton, who said he was watching, while reserving judgment on either company’s production timetable. “In Greenland, a workable process is only one requirement. The developer that can combine it with infrastructure, skilled people, financing and lasting local support will have the more valuable achievement: a dependable rare earth mine.”

For Greenland Mines, familiar minerals, a processing partner and fresh capital provide a head start. Turning that head start into a dependable mine is the work now under way.

For more information about the company, visit www.GreenlandMines.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to GRML are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/GRML

• Earth Science Tech operates several subsidiaries, including real estate and asset management company Avenvi LLC
• Avenvi boasts expertise across various segments of the real estate industry, including identifying development opportunities and facilitating end-user property acquisitions
• Avenvi also manages investments on behalf of ETST and provides the critical physical infrastructure for ETST’s expanding pharmacy operations

Earth Science Tech (OTCQB: ETST), a strategic holding company that brings together innovative businesses across the healthcare, pharmacy, technology and telemedicine, real estate, and consumer products spaces, operates Avenvi LLC, a real estate and asset management arm. Like its parent company, Avenvi is diversified, boasting expertise across various segments of the real estate industry and representing ETST’s diversification into hard assets.

Avenvi has developed a strong portfolio of real estate assets, primed for development, and provides financing solutions to purchasers of properties it develops. “This strategic positioning allows Avenvi to engage in the real estate market at every stage, from identifying development opportunities to facilitating end-user property acquisitions,” explains ETST in an SEC filing (https://ibn.fm/f9Fj4). As such, Avenvi serves as a distinct vehicle for hard-asset wealth generation.

Avenvi also manages investments on behalf of ETST, using a disciplined capital allocation approach focused on non-dilutive growth. It, for instance, manages Earth Science Tech’s share repurchase program, which management views as a long-term growth strategy. ETST began its common stock repurchase program on January 29, 2024, and had repurchased over 20.8 million shares of common stock by August 20, 2025 (https://ibn.fm/NVTxW), and over 6.9 million shares since April 1, 2025, through June 15, 2026 (https://ibn.fm/ODvn5).

“Extending and increasing this [common stock repurchase] program is a direct reflection of our confidence in ETST’s future and our unwavering commitment to our shareholders,” said Giorgio R. Saumat, CEO and Chairman of the Board.

The synergies between Avenvi and ETST also extend to the other subsidiaries under the ETST umbrella. Avenvi houses the standalone Mister Meds compounding pharmacy in Texas and provides the critical physical infrastructure for ETST’s expanding pharmacy operations. (ETST operates compounding pharmacies under the RxCompoundStore.com LLC, Mister Meds LLC, and Meduvo LLC brands.)

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.EarthScienceTech.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ETST are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ETST

Disseminated on behalf of SuperQ Quantum Computing Inc. and may include paid advertisements.

• SuperQ reports that its Super Edge(TM) tactical optimization platform met 100% of evaluation benchmarks during a live operational exercise at the Bush Combat Development Complex in Texas.
• The exercise evaluated real-time logistics optimization, tactical routing, communications resilience and integration with existing military systems.
• The results provide a real-world demonstration of SuperQ’s technology as the company advances its broader hybrid-computing ecosystem, including Super(TM), Super OS(TM) and its in-development Super Nova(TM) system.

Quantum computing’s long-term potential extends well beyond research laboratories, with applications ranging from supply-chain optimization and financial modeling to cybersecurity and national defense. However, translating advanced computing capabilities into practical, real-world applications remains a central challenge for the industry.

SuperQ Quantum Computing Inc. (CSE: QBTQ) (OTCQB: QBTQF) recently announced a significant development in that effort, reporting that its Super Edge(TM) tactical optimization platform met all evaluation criteria during a live U.S. military exercise at the Bush Combat Development Complex (“BCDC”) in Texas.

In an October 1, 2026, press release, SuperQ announced that it had received the official evaluation report for the exercise and was publicly releasing the report and associated performance metrics. According to the company, Super Edge achieved 100% completion of the primary operational benchmarks under the conditions tested, without latency or operational downtime.

The announcement provides a new dimension to SuperQ’s technology strategy, demonstrating how its hybrid quantum-classical optimization capabilities are being evaluated in an operational environment beyond conventional research and development settings.

Putting Hybrid Computing to the Test

The exercise took place at Texas A&M University’s RELLIS Campus and was organized through the Canada Q-Branch Dual-Use Accelerator, with support from Global Affairs Canada. SuperQ previously identified itself as the only Canadian technology company deployed in the international exercise.

The evaluation placed Super Edge in simulated tactical scenarios involving real-time logistics optimization, contested communications and rapid deployment at the operational edge. According to the company’s latest announcement, the platform maintained routing performance under simulated network degradation and bandwidth-constrained conditions. The release also highlighted one-click integration with legacy military command systems and autonomous field units.

These capabilities address practical challenges facing defense organizations, where operational plans may need to change rapidly as conditions evolve and where field personnel and command centers must coordinate despite communications constraints.

Super Edge is designed to operate on devices used by field personnel, gathering telemetry and returning position reports. The centralized Super(TM) platform can then use incoming information to calculate routing and deployment options.

The exercise’s significance lies in the opportunity to evaluate this architecture under simulated operational conditions. SuperQ says the results met all primary evaluation benchmarks, although the announcement should be understood in the context of the specific scenarios and criteria covered by the exercise rather than as proof of performance across every possible military environment.

From Defense Applications to Broader Commercial Opportunities

While the exercise focused on defense applications, SuperQ’s announcement also connects the results to a wider commercial strategy.

The company describes its technology as a hybrid-computing ecosystem that combines quantum processing with classical high-performance computing. Rather than relying on a single computing architecture, its platform is designed to route computational workloads among classical optimization solvers, graphics processing units (“GPUs”) and quantum processing units (“QPUs”), depending on the problem being addressed.

Super(TM), the company’s commercialized platform, is designed to help enterprises, government agencies and research institutions address complex optimization and cybersecurity challenges. Its applications include logistics, supply-chain resilience, energy management and other environments where decisions must account for multiple variables and constraints.

The company also offers Super PQC (TM), its post-quantum cybersecurity suite, which addresses the emerging need to prepare digital infrastructure for potential future attacks from quantum computers. SuperQ says the optimization capabilities demonstrated through Super Edge are part of the broader technology foundation supporting its platform and cybersecurity offerings.

The potential relevance extends beyond defense. Logistics providers, infrastructure operators and enterprises face many of the same underlying computational challenges: allocating resources efficiently, adapting to changing conditions and maintaining reliable operations when systems are under pressure.

Although each application has distinct requirements, the ability to coordinate computing resources and rapidly generate updated solutions is a common thread connecting these markets.

Building Toward an Integrated Quantum-Computing Ecosystem

The field exercise comes as SuperQ continues to develop the infrastructure intended to support its longer-term hybrid-computing ambitions.

In development is Super OS(TM), an operating system designed to coordinate CPUs, GPUs and quantum processors within a unified execution environment, and Super Nova(TM), a modular hybrid quantum computer intended to run Super OS natively.

SuperQ has announced that Super Nova’s quantum hardware layer is being developed at the University of Waterloo’s Digital Quantum Matter Lab under the supervision of Professor Matteo Mariantoni. The company is also expanding its technical team in areas including quantum chip design, device fabrication, cryogenics and hardware-software orchestration.

Super Nova is intended to bring quantum processors and classical computing resources together in an integrated, on-premises system. SuperQ’s stated goal is to reduce some of the cost, infrastructure and interoperability barriers that can make advanced computing difficult for enterprises and research institutions to deploy.

The company’s strategy therefore spans multiple stages of the computing stack: Super Edge for tactical and distributed environments, Super for optimization and cybersecurity applications, Super OS for computing orchestration, and Super Nova for dedicated hybrid quantum hardware.

The distinction between these technologies is important. Super Edge’s reported performance in a live exercise represents a development in the company’s current software capabilities, while Super OS and Super Nova remain in development.

A Practical Step Toward Wider Adoption

For the quantum-computing industry, the transition from technical promise to practical utility depends on more than advances in quantum hardware alone. Software integration, reliability, accessibility and the ability to address specific operational problems are also important parts of that process.

SuperQ’s latest announcement offers a concrete example of how the company is pursuing that transition. By reporting that Super Edge met all evaluation criteria in a live U.S. military exercise, the company is highlighting its efforts to demonstrate hybrid optimization in a demanding operational setting.

The longer-term opportunity will depend on how these capabilities translate into commercial adoption, additional deployments and the continued development of SuperQ’s broader technology ecosystem.

As the company advances its software platform, operating system and planned hybrid quantum hardware, the defense exercise adds a real-world testing milestone to its effort to bring quantum and classical computing together for practical applications across defense, critical infrastructure and enterprise markets.

For more information, visit www.SuperQ.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to QBTQF are available in the company’s newsroom at ibn.fm/QBTQF

Disseminated on behalf of BTQ Technologies Corp. and may include paid advertisements.

• BTQ provides public-market exposure to a trusted quantum infrastructure platform spanning hardware-rooted post-quantum security, quantum-secure networks and quantum computing technologies.
• The company is advancing multiple technologies toward commercialization, with QSSN surpassing 100,000 mainnet transactions, MIMIQ in commercial distribution and QCIM progressing through semiconductor validation and productization.
• QCIM addresses a company-identified $1 trillion post-quantum cryptography semiconductor market opportunity by 2035 with a crypto-agile architecture designed to adapt as cryptographic standards evolve.
• The July 2026 acquisition of QPerfect added a wholly owned quantum computing platform with commercially deployed MIMIQ software and additional technologies spanning digital twins and fault-tolerant computing.
• BTQ has established strategic and commercial relationships across banking, semiconductors, quantum computing and infrastructure as it works to move its technology portfolio from validation toward commercial deployment.

BTQ Technologies (NASDAQ: BTQ) (CBOE CA: BTQ) is a quantum technology company developing trusted infrastructure for the transition from classical networks to the quantum era. Its platform spans hardware-rooted post-quantum security, quantum-secure financial and blockchain networks, and technologies for building, testing and deploying quantum computing systems.

BTQ organizes its technology around three interconnected layers: Silicon Networks, which establish hardware-rooted security and cryptographic agility; Blockchain Networks, which extend quantum-safe infrastructure to digital money and decentralized networks; and Quantum Accelerated Networks, which provide software, emulation, validation and deployment technologies for quantum systems. Together, these layers form the company’s “Building Trusted Quantum” strategy.

BTQ is advancing a portfolio of technologies designed to address both the near-term transition to post-quantum security and the longer-term development of trusted quantum infrastructure. Through its internal development programs, strategic collaborations and wholly owned QPerfect subsidiary, the company is working to translate its technical capabilities into commercial products and customer deployments.

The company is headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Products and Technology Portfolio

QCIM

Quantum Compute-in-Memory (“QCIM”) is BTQ’s crypto-agile cryptographic accelerator architecture and the foundation of its Silicon Networks strategy. Designed as synthesizable soft IP, QCIM supports classical and post-quantum cryptographic functions in a compact, low-power architecture that can be integrated across ASICs, FPGAs, secure elements and connected devices.

BTQ is advancing QCIM through a global semiconductor development roadmap. In collaboration with ICTK, the company completed the design of a security chip combining QCIM with ICTK’s VIA PUF(TM) technology to provide cryptographic acceleration alongside hardware-derived device identity and authentication. BTQ and ITRI also completed an initial technical milestone validating QCIM within a TSMC 28-nanometre design environment and demonstrating accelerated execution of operations associated with FIPS 203, 204 and 205.

Quantum Secure Systems & Networks

Quantum Secure Systems & Networks (“QSSN”) is BTQ’s post-quantum infrastructure platform for regulated digital money and institutional settlement, including stablecoins, tokenized deposits and other blockchain-based financial infrastructure.

QSSN surpassed 100,000 transactions processed on mainnet during Q2 2026 and was selected as a core post-quantum technology provider for a South Korean bank-led KRW stablecoin proof of concept involving iM Bank and Finger. BTQ is developing QSSN around advisory and integration fees, recurring validator-node licensing and transaction-based validation fees.

QPerfect

QPerfect is BTQ’s wholly owned quantum computing subsidiary and a central component of its Quantum Accelerated Networks strategy. Based in Strasbourg, France, QPerfect develops software and technologies for quantum emulation, digital twins, validation and fault-tolerant quantum computing. Its principal technologies include MIMIQ(TM), Digital Twin and Quantum Logic Unit (“QLU(TM)”).

MIMIQ is QPerfect’s most commercially mature product and enables users to design, test and validate quantum algorithms in virtual quantum computing environments. The platform is being commercialized through enterprise licensing, on-premises deployments and third-party distribution. QPerfect is also developing a hardware-accurate Digital Twin of the aQCess neutral-atom quantum computing platform with the University of Strasbourg and CESQ, while QLU is focused on technologies for fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum computing.

Other Technologies

Bitcoin Quantum is BTQ’s post-quantum blockchain initiative, designed to demonstrate how Bitcoin and other decentralized networks can migrate toward post-quantum security. BTQ completed an internal security audit during Q2 2026, engaged Boosty Labs for an external audit and brought mining and hosting infrastructure to mainnet readiness.

BTQ’s portfolio also includes One-Shot Signatures (“OSS”), a quantum-native cryptographic research program using single-use quantum secret keys designed to address future security and authentication requirements.

Market Opportunity

BTQ is targeting several large markets that the company believes will be affected by the transition to post-quantum security and quantum computing. Its investor materials identify more than $30 trillion in payments and digital money associated with QSSN, more than $15 trillion in secure silicon for devices associated with QCIM, approximately $3 trillion in digital asset value at risk associated with Bitcoin Quantum, and a $280 billion quantum compute platform market associated with QPerfect.

BTQ separately identifies the post-quantum cryptography semiconductor market as a $1 trillion market opportunity by 2035. The company’s broader addressable markets span financial services, digital assets, telecommunications, defense, industrial systems, IoT, AI devices and other connected infrastructure.

Leadership Team

Olivier Roussy Newton, Chief Executive Officer & Chairman, is an entrepreneur and technology executive who founded DeFi Technologies and HIVE Digital. He scaled both companies to multibillion-dollar market capitalizations and nine-figure annual revenue.

Chris Tam, President & Head of Innovation and Director, is an AI engineer with a Master of Engineering in Software Engineering and experience spanning machine learning, blockchain, data engineering and quantum technologies.

Lonny Wong, CPA, CA, Chief Financial Officer, has more than 30 years of experience in public practice, with extensive public-company experience across audit and assurance, mergers and acquisitions, financial reporting and related areas.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.BTQ.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to BTQ are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/BTQ

• Multiple factors contribute to changes in healthcare financing.
• Market Street’s different platforms provide capital markets and advisory guidance.
• With more than $3 billion in completed transactions, Market Street provides advisory and capital markets services for healthcare financings.

Healthcare and diagnostics operators are facing consolidation pressure, reimbursement uncertainty and more selective sponsors all at once. In that environment, how a capital raise is structured can matter as much as the business behind it. Market Street Capital is a boutique capital markets and financial advisory firm that works with established middle-market businesses navigating pivotal moments in their development, focusing on companies with enterprise values from $10 million to $1 billion.

Reimbursement is the first reason healthcare financing looks different right now. Clinical laboratories offer a clear example. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2026, signed Feb. 3, delayed Medicare lab fee schedule cuts through 2026. According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), payments for affected tests may decline beginning in 2027, subject to a statutory phase-in cap of 15% per test per year through 2029; CMS published preliminary 2027 rates in September 2026, with final rates pending. The American Clinical Laboratory Association has said roughly 800 tests are exposed.

Uncertainty like this complicates underwriting. Healthcare-focused lenders dig deeper into revenue sources, separating Medicare, Medicaid, commercial insurance and private pay. They also weigh reimbursement rate changes and management agreement structures when assessing collateral and downside scenarios.

Fragmented subsectors are consolidating as operators seek scale. In diagnostics, national chains bring outcomes data at scale to payer negotiations. Regulatory and administrative burdens also weigh more heavily on small labs, which may favor larger operators. The pattern extends beyond labs. Physician medical groups accounted for 46% of first-quarter health services deal volume, up from 37% a year earlier, and private equity drove most deal flow through platform add-ons.

Sponsors remain active but are more discerning. Healthcare private equity posted record disclosed deal value above $191 billion in 2025. PwC nonetheless characterizes the first half of 2026 as a selective, conviction-led market, with buyers favoring reimbursement visibility, margin durability and execution readiness. Deal volume softened even as value held up. Contracted payer relationships and recurring revenue command the strongest pricing, while material investigations or audit findings may affect valuation or transaction execution.

Those conditions may affect healthcare financing. Lenders may consider reimbursement diversification and documented compliance controls. Healthcare accounted for roughly 22% of U.S. direct lending issuance through March 2026, the largest share of any sector, but RSM cautions that the easy phase of private credit in healthcare has passed. Lenders expect new deals to carry lower leverage and stronger protections. Depending on cash flow, collateral and investor requirements, a financing may combine senior debt with mezzanine financing or minority equity.

Healthcare diligence can involve sector-specific review. Alongside standard financial review, buyers and lenders scrutinize payer contracts, analyze payer mix and denial rates, and map financial relationships against the Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute. That review matters because potential compliance risks may carry over with the business in an acquisition.

This is where Market Street Capital fits. Its Debt Capital Markets & Specialty Lending practice works with middle-market clients seeking financing from banks, private credit funds, insurance companies and specialty finance providers. It advises on senior debt, unitranche and mezzanine financing, and asset-based lending tied to receivables. Its Private Equity Raises practice advises on growth funding and recapitalizations involving private equity, family offices and institutional capital. Securities placement services, where applicable, are provided through Pickwick Capital Partners, LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. No capital raise or transaction outcome is assured.

The firm’s broader investment banking platform addresses consolidation directly. Its Mergers & Acquisitions team handles sell-side and buy-side advisory, including work for private equity sponsors building platforms. Market Street’s valuation capabilities support transaction planning and capital events.

The firm also maintains a syndication network of more than 8,000 investors, family offices, venture capital firms and banks and highlights its access to private equity sponsors and strategic acquirers. Such relationships may assist in identifying counterparties with relevant mandates. With more than $3 billion in completed transactions, Market Street offers capital markets and advisory services relevant to healthcare financings.

Healthcare capital raises demand more layered diligence and more selective sponsor targeting than most middle-market sectors. Reimbursement exposure, compliance history and payer concentration all shape what lenders will extend and what sponsors will pay. Market Street Capital offers advisory services addressing capital markets and sector-specific financing considerations.

For more information about the company, visit www.MarketStreetCP.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to Market Street are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/MarketSt

Disclosures:

This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Any such offer may be made only pursuant to definitive offering materials and applicable transaction documents.

Nothing in this article is tax, legal or accounting advice. Readers should consult their own advisers.

Market data and third-party information are from sources believed to be reliable but have not been independently verified. No representation is made as to accuracy or completeness. Statements about financing structures and transaction outcomes are general in nature; no financing or transaction outcome can be assured. Any investment in securities is illiquid and speculative and is subject to a risk of loss, including a risk of the total loss of principal. Market Street Capital and its associated persons may have conflicts of interest, including transaction-based compensation, in connection with the services described.

Broker-dealer services are provided by Pickwick Capital Partners, LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.