• In the United States alone, close to one million people are living with MS, with a landmark study finding that figure was more than double what had previously been assumed.
• Treatments for progressive forms of MS remain especially elusive, and recent research notes that no currently approved therapy directly reverses the neurodegeneration that drives long-term disability.
• Quantum BioPharma’s Lucid-MS candidate is designed to inhibit demyelination directly by targeting an enzyme called peptidyl arginine deiminase 2.

Nearly three million people around the world wake up every day managing a disease that has no cure, and the number keeps climbing. That reality is what makes new approaches to multiple sclerosis worth paying attention to, and it is the space where Quantum BioPharma (NASDAQ: QNTM) is working to make a difference with its lead drug candidate: Lucid-MS.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system in which the immune system attacks myelin, the protective coating around nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Global prevalence rose from about 2.3 million people in 2013 to roughly 2.8 million in 2020 and had climbed to an estimated 2.9 million by 2023.

In the United States alone, close to one million people are living with the disease. A landmark study published in the journal “Neurology” found the figure was more than double what had previously been assumed for decades. The disease typically strikes people in their 20s and 30s, with women being diagnosed at roughly twice the rate of men.

The symptoms of MS can be unpredictable and wide ranging. They include fatigue, vision problems, numbness, balance and coordination trouble, and cognitive changes, all stemming from damaged communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Because the disease can progress differently in every patient, diagnosis and treatment planning remain genuinely difficult for physicians.

Most currently available therapies fall into a category called disease-modifying therapies, and the majority of these treatments work by suppressing or modulating the immune system. Interferons, glatiramer acetate and newer monoclonal antibodies are among the most widely prescribed options, and research shows these drugs can meaningfully reduce relapse rates for people with relapsing forms of the disease.

But that same body of research points to real limitations. Injectable immunomodulatory therapies suffer from poor long-term adherence, with roughly half of patients discontinuing treatment within the first year, according to the same published review. Treatments for progressive forms of MS remain especially elusive, and recent research notes that no currently approved therapy directly reverses the neurodegeneration that drives long-term disability.

That gap between managing relapses and actually protecting nerve tissue is where newer approaches are working to make progress. Researchers are increasingly interested in neuroprotective and remyelinating strategies, ones that aim to preserve or restore the myelin sheath itself rather than only calming the immune system’s attack on it.

Quantum BioPharma’s Lucid-MS candidate fits into that emerging category. Rather than suppressing immune activity, the compound is designed to inhibit demyelination directly by targeting an enzyme called peptidyl arginine deiminase 2, which when overactive has been linked to myelin breakdown. Quantum reports that in preclinical animal studies, the compound prevented myelin degradation, and findings from that research have appeared in peer-reviewed outlets, including the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry and Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences.

The company recently reached a significant milestone in its efforts. The FDA cleared Quantum BioPharma’s Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application for Lucid-MS, allowing the company to move the candidate into phase 2 clinical trials. That stage of testing is designed to evaluate whether the drug is effective in treating MS in a controlled patient population and also allows for continued safety monitoring.

The global market for MS therapeutics reflects just how much is riding on finding better options. Precedence Research estimates that market at approximately $34.8 billion in 2025, with projections suggesting it could nearly double by 2035 as new mechanisms of action reach patients.

For the millions of people currently living with multiple sclerosis, and the hundreds of thousands more diagnosed each year, incremental progress in the lab eventually has to translate into new choices at the pharmacy. Quantum BioPharma is one of several companies working toward that goal, betting that protecting nerve tissue directly, rather than only quieting the immune system, could open a new chapter in how the disease is treated.

For more information, visit www.QuantumBioPharma.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to QNTM are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/QNTM

• California’s SB 230 requires agencies to incorporate de-escalation and alternatives to force into their use-of-force policies, but no policy can guarantee that verbal techniques will resolve an encounter.
• Wrap Technologies has completed a doctrine combining communication, recognition of resistance, positioning and remote restraint into a framework intended to operationalize de-escalation.
• The curriculum is undergoing independent validation ahead of an application for California POST certification, with digital delivery through Wrap Tactics planned if certification is obtained.

De-escalation has moved from a recommended practice to a formal part of law enforcement policy and training. California’s Senate Bill 230 required every law enforcement agency in the state to maintain a use-of-force policy incorporating de-escalation techniques, crisis intervention tactics and other alternatives to force when feasible. It also directed the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (“POST”) to implement regular and periodic use-of-force instruction that includes tactical methods using time, distance, cover and concealment.

Those requirements establish what officers should attempt. They cannot make another person cooperate. An officer can communicate, persuade, slow the situation and issue lawful commands, yet the person involved may remain unable or unwilling to comply. Wrap Technologies Inc. (NASDAQ: WRAP) has developed a doctrine around what an officer can do when verbal efforts are not working but circumstances do not yet call for a traditional weapons-based response.

The Space Between 

Verbal de-escalation remains the foundation of the methodology WRAP announced on September 2. The doctrine combines communication, recognition of resistance, time, distance, tactical positioning and remote restraint within a single framework built around one question: what can an officer lawfully and tactically do when verbal de-escalation has reached its limit?

Conventional options move toward hands-on control or tools that operate through chemical, electrical or kinetic effects, each carrying greater risk for officers and the people they are attempting to restrain. WRAP positions the BolaWrap(R) 150 as an additional option within that gap: rather than relying solely on voluntary compliance, the methodology is intended to give an officer a physical capability that may help create the conditions for de-escalation.

The doctrine does not eliminate higher-force options. Officers retain the ability to transition to other lawful tools if the resistance or threat changes. WRAP calls the principle the “Lowest Reasonable Response”: identify an effective response appropriate to the resistance and circumstances, then continuously reassess the encounter.

Why the ATF Classification Matters

The doctrine follows ATF Ruling 2026-2, which determined that the BolaWrap(R) 150, as currently designed, is neither a firearm nor an “any other weapon” under federal law. The ruling identifies it as an instrument of restraint, while WRAP describes it as an instrument of restraint and rescue.

The handheld device deploys an eight-foot Kevlar tether around a person’s arms or legs from a range of 10 to 25 feet. It is designed to restrain without relying on electrical incapacitation, chemical irritants, pain compliance or a conventional impact projectile.

The ATF classification gives WRAP a foundation for developing doctrine around remote restraint as a distinct operational category. It does not determine whether any particular deployment is legally justified. That still depends on the facts of the encounter, applicable law and agency policy.

Addressing Behavioral and Mental Health Calls

WRAP sees the most relevant application in behavioral and mental health emergencies, where a person may be unable, rather than simply unwilling, to understand commands or respond to persuasion. An officer can follow accepted communication practices and still reach the end of the verbal playbook with the unresolved encounter.

Specialized Crisis Intervention Teams exist for these calls, but they cannot be present for every encounter. As WRAP puts it, the patrol officer is often the crisis intervention team until the crisis intervention team arrives.

The methodology is intended to bring crisis intervention principles closer to the point of first contact, with a defined sequence for recognizing crisis behavior, creating time and distance, considering remote restraint when appropriate, reassessing and transitioning to other lawful options if conditions change.

From Doctrine to Standardized Training

WRAP has submitted the curriculum for independent validation in preparation for applying for California POST certification. Neither validation nor certification is assured.

If certified, the curriculum would give California agencies a standardized methodology for incorporating the BolaWrap(R) 150 and operational de-escalation into patrol, crisis-response and agency training, distributed digitally through WRAP Tactics(TM), WRAP’s learning management system.

The Task Force 70 Foundation, a nonprofit law enforcement training organization, is supporting the doctrine, curriculum structure and instructor credentialing. WRAP believes recognized training could reduce adoption barriers by letting agencies evaluate the device alongside a defined operational framework, and digital delivery would add a recurring training component alongside device and cassette sales.

WRAP intends to use the California process as a model for seeking recognition in additional states. The company reports that BolaWrap(R) 150 has been adopted by more than 1,000 agencies in the United States and more than 60 countries.

De-escalation policies tell officers what they should attempt to accomplish. WRAP’s doctrine seeks to define what may come next when communication alone does not resolve the encounter. Whether it becomes a recognized operational standard will depend on validation, certification and its eventual performance in agency training and field use.

For more information, visit the company’s website at wrap.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to WRAP are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/WRAP

About / Disclaimer

This article was produced by IBN Editorial Staff and is intended for informational purposes only. It is not investment advice and should not be relied upon as the basis for any investment decision. Statements attributed to Wrap Technologies, Inc. or its management, including any forward-looking statements regarding revenue growth, product development, or market opportunities, reflect the company’s views and are subject to risks and uncertainties; actual results may differ materially. Readers should conduct their own due diligence and consult a qualified professional. Additional company information is available at wrap.com.

• The partnership will focus on the production of a 45-minute “Bizumentary” examining current challenges and changes in the mortgage and housing markets.
• The production is scheduled to begin distribution the week of Sept. 21 through BizTV, American Life Network and American Forces Network.
• The three networks have a combined potential audience of approximately 90 million viewers, according to Beeline.
• The program examines mortgage affordability, interest rates, housing inventory, alternative underwriting, automation and access to home equity.
• Beeline operates a digital mortgage and financial technology platform serving both homebuyers and real estate investors.
• The company’s strategy includes mortgage products for younger borrowers, including consumers seeking investment properties, as well as equity-focused products for homeowners with substantial accumulated home equity.

Beeline Holdings (NASDAQ: BLNE), a digital mortgage platform offering a more efficient path to homeownership, has partnered with Emmy Award-winning Loft 100 Studios on a new documentary-style production examining developments in the mortgage industry and changing approaches to homeownership (https://ibn.fm/RZsjX).

The 45-minute production, described as a “Bizumentary,” is scheduled to begin distribution during the week of September 21 through BizTV, American Life Network and American Forces Network. According to Beeline, the networks have a combined potential reach of approximately 90 million viewers. The company said the production could subsequently be considered for distribution through larger networks as it gains exposure.

The program examines several issues affecting the housing and mortgage markets, including affordability, interest rates, housing inventory, and changes in how consumers obtain mortgage financing and access home equity. It also features perspectives from business executives and other participants in the housing and financial-services markets.

The production was developed with Loft 100 Studios, a full-service production company whose team and productions have received Emmy recognition. The program combines documentary-style interviews and business commentary with an examination of technologies and financial products being developed within the mortgage market.

For Beeline, the production provides an opportunity to discuss its digital mortgage platform alongside broader changes taking place in housing finance. “The mortgage industry is at an important turning point,” said Nick Liuzza, CEO of Beeline. “Affordability remains a challenge, but innovation is creating new solutions. Non-traditional mortgage products are gaining popularity because they solve real problems for borrowers, while technology and automation are making financing faster, simpler and more accessible.”

Beeline operates through its wholly owned subsidiary, Beeline Loans Inc., providing mortgage financing for primary homebuyers and real estate investors. The company has built its lending platform around artificial intelligence and automation. Its technology includes Bob, an AI-powered mortgage assistant, and Hive, a proprietary mortgage production engine.

Beeline says its digital lending process can support loan closings in approximately 14 to 21 days. The company also reports a Net Promoter Score above 80, a metric used to measure customer satisfaction and willingness to recommend a service.

The company’s target market extends beyond consumers purchasing a primary residence. Beeline has developed mortgage products that address borrowers seeking real estate investment properties. This segment includes younger consumers who may be entering property ownership through investment rather than purchasing a home solely for personal use.

The approach is relevant as younger generations continue to face barriers to traditional homeownership. Data cited by the National Mortgage Professional indicated that 26.1% of Gen Z respondents and 54.9% of Millennials were homeowners in 2024. Limited access to mortgage financing and housing affordability have been among the factors affecting younger buyers.

Beeline has sought to use automation to shorten the initial mortgage qualification process. The company says its AI technology can provide an initial decision within approximately seven to eight minutes and give prospective borrowers an estimated 90% certainty regarding whether they qualify.

Homeowners who have accumulated significant equity represent another potential market for financial products. Beeline has identified approximately $10 trillion of U.S. home equity as an addressable opportunity and is developing solutions intended to give homeowners greater access to that capital.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.MakeABeeline.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to BLNE are available in the company’s newsroom at  https://ibn.fm/BLNE

• Earth Science Tech has uplisted to the OTCQB Venture Market, a premier public market that provides investors with a trusted trading environment
• The uplisting is one of several milestones the company has reported during the current financial year 2027, which began on April 1, 2026
• The company reported its Q1 2027 financial results, marking a 3% growth in revenue with a 57% increase in net income
• The company also acquired Meduvo LLC and Zoolzy and held its annual meeting of shareholders

Earth Science Tech (OTCQB: ETST), a strategic holding company in the healthcare, pharmacy, and telemedicine sector, successfully uplisted to the OTCQB Venture Market effective September 17, 2026. The listing on OTCQB, an established public market for growth-stage and entrepreneurial companies, means ETST has met rigorous financial and reporting standards, undergone a verification process, and complied with strict management certification requirements (https://ibn.fm/0TQ91).

The uplisting is the latest milestone in fiscal year 2027, which began on April 1, 2026. During the intervening period, the company reported its Q1 2027 financial results, acquired Meduvo LLC (a compounding pharmacy) and Zoolzy LLC, and held its annual meeting of shareholders. 

The Q1 results reflected steady compounding progress and the inherent operating leverage within ETST’s business model: revenue grew 3% to $9.0 million, gross profit rose 3.1% to $6.3 million, and net income jumped 57% to $715,697, with all key operating subsidiaries remaining profitable (https://ibn.fm/V8OXi).

According to Giorgio R. Saumat, CEO and Chairman of the Board, the company maintained internal standards and continues to actively focus on driving even greater operational efficiencies. These standards are also evident externally, especially with the recent uplisting to the OTCQB market, which emphasizes elevated transparency and aims to provide investors with a trusted trading environment.

Moreover, ETST acquired Zoolzy, a wholesale distributor of active pharmaceutical ingredients (“APIs”) and finished FDA-approved prescription products (https://ibn.fm/VILA1). In his address at the Annual Meeting, Mr. Saumat said the acquisition represented the company’s move “to unlock a whole new business”: the lucrative animal health market.

Zoolzy creates a new supply line that supports the formulation of unique, flavored, and easy-to-administer veterinary therapeutics. It also enables Earth Science Tech and its network of compounding pharmacies to acquire APIs for human medication; they will be able to secure raw materials as well as new, highly sought-after APIs at competitive wholesale prices that increase profit margins. 

The company also held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders on August 31, 2026. During the meeting, shareholders authorized the Board to pursue a reverse stock split, if deemed necessary, to support plans to uplist to Nasdaq or NYSE. The stockholders also ratified a plan to retire the current dual-class voting structure by negotiating the sale of Series B Preferred Stock, with the execution of this proposal aiming to attract institutional capital. Moreover, the shareholders approved the appointment of an independent registered public accounting firm, the re-election of seven director nominees, and a new non-dilutive executive compensation framework. Mr. Saumat and management also fielded questions (https://ibn.fm/C8zGp).

The milestones reported so far represent the company’s relentless focus on maximizing shareholder value. The company remains committed to optimizing the operational frameworks of its holdings to support scalable, sustainable expansion.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.EarthScienceTech.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ETST are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ETST

• VERAXA is advancing an oncology pipeline centered on its proprietary BiTAC(R) platform, alongside additional antibody-drug conjugate and engineered-antibody technologies.
• The company entered the NASDAQ market in June 2026 following its completed business combination with Voyager Acquisition Corp., giving VERAXA access to the U.S. public markets as it advances its development programs.
• BiTAC is designed as an “AND-gated” therapeutic approach in which two complementary components must engage the same cancer cell before the intended cytotoxic mechanism is activated.
• VERAXA has reported early preclinical evidence for both its BiTAC-TCE and BiTAC-ADC approaches, including an in-vitro proof of concept for BiTAC-ADC announced in June.
• Recent corporate developments include the appointment of Raju Willener as CFO and Christoph Erkel, Ph.D., as chief scientific officer, adding financial and antibody-development expertise.

VERAXA Biotech (NASDAQ: VRXA), an emerging leader in designing novel cancer therapies, is entering a new phase of development following its transition to the NASDAQ market and a series of scientific and corporate milestones that have expanded the company’s focus around its proprietary BiTAC(R) platform. The Swiss biotechnology company began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker VRXA in June following the completion of its business combination with Voyager Acquisition Corp. The transaction was accompanied by financing arrangements that included a $27.5 million senior secured note and a securities purchase agreement for up to $50 million. The company said the financing was intended to support advancement of its BiTAC-TCE and BiTAC-ADC programs toward clinical development. Since then, VERAXA has continued building the infrastructure around its drug-development strategy. Most recently, the company appointed Raju Willener as chief financial officer. Willener brings more than three decades of experience spanning investment banking, corporate finance, asset management and capital markets. Before joining VERAXA, he was director of corporate development at Exentis Group AG and subsequently became its CFO in 2025. Earlier in his career, he held senior positions involving investment portfolios exceeding CHF 30 billion in assets under management. The appointment comes as VERAXA attempts to move its technology from proof-of-concept work toward a broader therapeutic pipeline. At the center of that effort is BiTAC, short for Bi-targeted Tumor-Associated Cytotoxicity. The technology differs from conventional bispecific antibodies by separating its targeting functions into two complementary molecules. The intended mechanism is conditional. Each component by itself should have limited cytotoxic activity, while simultaneous engagement of both targets on the same tumor cell is designed to establish the active therapeutic mechanism. VERAXA describes this as an “AND-gated approach.” For T-cell engagers, the architecture is intended to restrict activation of T cells to cancer cells carrying both selected targets. The company’s stated objective is to improve tumor selectivity and potentially widen the therapeutic window. The concept has already generated early experimental data. At the 2026 American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, VERAXA presented results from its most advanced BiTAC-TCE program. According to the company, the candidate showed activity against cells carrying both target molecules while sparing cells expressing only one target. VERAXA also reported in-vivo results showing comparable efficacy to a conventional TCE alongside an improved safety profile. VERAXA has also extended the BiTAC concept into antibody-drug conjugates, or ADCs. In June, the company reported an in-vitro proof of concept for its BiTAC-ADC platform and said laboratory testing demonstrated selective activity against breast-cancer cells, including dose-dependent killing in three-dimensional tumor spheroids. The company subsequently used the data in discussions around potential partnering opportunities. That dual-platform strategy places VERAXA within two active areas of oncology research. ADCs combine an antibody with a potent cytotoxic payload, allowing targeted delivery of cancer-killing compounds. The technology has attracted significant pharmaceutical investment as developers seek to improve tumor targeting, payload delivery and tolerability. Grand View Research estimates that the global ADC market could reach $32.11 billion by 2033, compared with a projected compound annual growth rate of 10.49% from 2025 through 2033. VERAXA is developing additional technologies around ADC construction, including site-specific conjugation, click chemistry, hydrophilic payload-linker systems and tumor-selective approaches to payload activation. These technologies provide a broader development base beyond BiTAC itself. The company’s pipeline also includes VX-A901, a clinical-stage monoclonal antibody targeting FLT3 for acute myeloid leukemia. The program has generated Phase I clinical data, while VERAXA has said it intends to pursue an out-licensing strategy as its development emphasis increasingly shifts toward conditionally active, dual-targeting modalities. Alongside the pipeline, VERAXA has been strengthening its scientific organization. The company appointed Christoph Erkel, Ph.D., as chief scientific officer, while recent regulatory work with Germany’s Paul-Ehrlich-Institute provided feedback on the proposed nonclinical development strategy for its BiTAC-TCE program. VERAXA has also expanded its intellectual-property portfolio around its technology platforms. Another recent development has broadened the company’s technology interests beyond ADCs and TCEs. In August, VERAXA and Secarna Pharmaceuticals announced an in-vitro proof-of-concept milestone in an antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate alliance, combining VERAXA’s conjugation capabilities with Secarna’s oligonucleotide technology. The company has also been expanding intellectual-property protection. In July, VERAXA reported more than 50 granted owned or exclusively licensed patents across 14 countries and 26 patent families, with additional applications covering BiTAC-TCE and BiTAC-ADC technologies. For more information, visit the company’s website at www.Veraxa.com. NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to VRXA are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/VRXA

PAID ADVERTISEMENT. This article is a paid advertisement for BOXABL Inc. (Nasdaq: BXBL), distributed by NetworkNewsWire (“NNW”), a division of InvestorBrandNetwork (“IBN”). IBN has been compensated for advertising and digital media services related to BOXABL Inc. Readers should review the full disclaimer at the foot of this article before making any investment decision.

• BOXABL, transforming the housing market, has launched a new initiative that calls for companies across the housing supply chain, including landholders, operators, and technology owners, to explore partnerships, mergers, acquisitions, and other combinations.
• The company is considering flexible transaction structures, including cash, stock, or combinations of the two, subject to due diligence and definitive agreements.
• BOXABL is seeking capabilities ranging from manufacturing and land development to installation, logistics, financing, automation, and software.
• The initiative broadens BOXABL’s strategy beyond manufacturing modular homes toward assembling a more integrated housing platform.
• The company’s Casita folding modular unit remains its flagship product, while its technology is being developed for larger and connectable housing configurations.

BOXABL (NASDAQ: BXBL), an innovative technology company transforming the housing market with its modular building systems, is opening its corporate development strategy to potential combinations across the housing industry, launching a new section of its website designed to attract companies, landholders, operating talent and technology owners that could contribute to a larger factory-built housing platform (https://ibn.fm/5B7yQ).

The company announced that it was evaluating potential mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, land contributions, talent additions and technology or intellectual-property transactions. BOXABL is also inviting broader M&A proposals where a combination could accelerate its efforts to make housing more affordable at mass-production scale.

The initiative arrives less than a month after BOXABL began trading on NASDAQ on July 20 following its business combination with FG Merger II Corp. The new public-market status gives investors another way to assess how the company intends to move from developing modular construction technology toward building a broader housing ecosystem.

BOXABL’s new mergers and partnerships initiative identifies four broad categories of potential opportunities: companies, land, talent and inventions.

The company said it is interested in manufacturers, installers, dealers, lenders, haulers and suppliers of different sizes. It is also looking for raw, entitled and infill land, as well as acreage that could support future housing developments.

Talent is another target. BOXABL is seeking operators with experience in building, moving, selling and financing housing. The company has characterized operating experience as an important reason for pursuing deals, reflecting an effort to acquire capabilities rather than simply add physical assets.

The fourth category covers technology and intellectual property. BOXABL is inviting proposals involving patents, prototypes, tooling, manufacturing processes and software that could address bottlenecks within affordable housing. That includes technologies designed to improve panel systems or increase factory-line efficiency.

The strategy reflects a practical constraint facing factory-built housing companies: producing a home is only one part of the overall housing process.  A modular unit still needs land, transportation, installation, site work, financing and a sales channel before it becomes a completed housing transaction. BOXABL’s M&A initiative is therefore aimed at potential gaps throughout that chain.

“Housing is too expensive right now, and every year we spend inventing something that already exists is a year homes stay unaffordable,” said Galiano Tiramani, BOXABL Founder and Co-CEO. “If someone has already solved a piece of it, the fastest path is to bring them in — not to start over in-house and hope we catch up.”

The company specifically identified factories and fabrication facilities, developers and landholders, site-work contractors, transportation and logistics operators, lenders, sales and dealer networks, automation providers, software companies and materials suppliers as areas of interest.

BOXABL said potential transactions would be assessed individually. Structures could involve cash, stock or a combination, depending on the circumstances of a particular deal. Any transaction would remain subject to due diligence, applicable approvals, and entry into definitive agreements.

BOXABL’s flagship Casita is a 361-square-foot studio-style modular home with a kitchen, bathroom and utilities. The unit is manufactured in a compact configuration and designed to unfold on site, with BOXABL stating that the installation process can take less than an hour under appropriate conditions.

The company also plans to offer the smaller Baby Box, while also developing larger configurations. Its modular architecture is intended to allow units to be connected and stacked, creating larger residences and structures.

That design is central to BOXABL’s effort to move beyond a single modular home product. The company has identified potential applications including single-family housing, townhomes, multifamily developments and other structures that can be assembled from standardized modules.

BOXABL’s approximately 400,000-square-foot Las Vegas manufacturing facility is part of that strategy. The company continues working to increase manufacturing efficiency.

The company is also incorporating automation and artificial intelligence into its production processes. The objective is to make housing production more repeatable and potentially less dependent on the variable labor requirements associated with conventional site-built construction.

BOXABL has previously estimated the U.S. housing opportunity at approximately $2.2 trillion, based on an estimated need for more than 5 million additional homes. The company has also estimated that the modular and manufactured housing segment represents an approximately $36 billion annual opportunity.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.Boxabl.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to BXBL are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/BXBL

Cautionary Note Regarding the Business Combination and Capital Structure. BOXABL Inc. became a publicly traded company through a business combination with FG Merger II Corp., a special purpose acquisition company, completed in July 2026, with the shares beginning trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol BXBL on July 20, 2026. Companies that become public through special purpose acquisition transactions may be subject to risks including share price volatility, dilution, limited operating history as a public company, and redemption-related capital reductions. In July 2026 the Company filed a universal mixed shelf registration statement that would permit it to offer up to $500,000,000 of securities over time; any such issuance would be dilutive to existing holders. References to capital raised since inception and to the number of investors are as disclosed by the Company. Readers should review the Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov, including its periodic reports, in full.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements. This publication contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including projections of market opportunity and market share, estimates of customer adoption, projections of development and commercialization costs and timelines, expectations regarding the Company’s ability to execute its business model, the deployment of the Casita, the development and potential production of the Baby Box and of stackable and connectable modules, the pursuit of additional state regulatory approvals, expectations concerning relationships with customers, developers, strategic partners, suppliers, governments and regulatory bodies, and the potential for future projects. Such statements are generally identified by words such as “plan”, “project”, “will”, “estimate”, “intend”, “expect”, “believe”, “target”, “continue”, “could”, “may”, “might”, “possible”, “potential” or “predict”. You are cautioned that such statements are subject to a multitude of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual circumstances, events, or results to differ materially, including manufacturing, supply chain, permitting, regulatory, financing, dilution, listing, competitive and market risks, and other risks identified in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Do not place undue reliance on such statements. The forward-looking statements in this publication are made as of the date above and IBN undertakes no obligation to update them.

Full Disclaimer. NetworkNewsWire (“NNW”) is a division of InvestorBrandNetwork (“IBN”), a multifaceted financial news and publishing company. IBN has been compensated for advertising and digital media services for BOXABL Inc. This publication is for informational purposes only and is not, and should not be construed as, a research report, investment advice, or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. The information contained herein is believed to be reliable but no guarantee can be made as to its accuracy or completeness. Neither IBN nor NNW is registered as an investment adviser or broker-dealer. Readers should review BOXABL Inc.’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and consult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decision. Please see the full terms of use and disclaimers applicable to all content provided by IBN, wherever published or re-published, at https://IBN.fm/Disclaimer.

• TechForce Robotics is expanding beyond hospitality into pharmaceutical, semiconductor and industrial automation markets.
• Recent developments include expanded manufacturing capabilities, pharmaceutical automation deployments and a potential program involving up to 5,000 robotic systems.
• Nightfood Holdings is also strengthening its leadership and governance structure as it works to scale TechForce’s robotics platform across multiple industries.

Nightfood Holdings (OTCQB: NGTF), doing business as TechForce Robotics, is broadening the commercial scope of its robotics platform as automation continues to gain traction across industries facing complex operational and labor challenges.

In its September 3 shareholder update, the company outlined a series of developments spanning advanced manufacturing, pharmaceutical automation, connected robotics and corporate governance. The updates illustrate a strategy that is moving TechForce beyond its original hospitality robotics focus and toward a broader enterprise automation platform.

That expansion is important because the company’s target markets have very different operational requirements.

TechForce is developing an AI-powered enterprise automation platform designed to connect robotic systems and support operations across pharmaceutical, semiconductor, industrial and other environments where automation can improve efficiency, consistency and resource utilization.

The company’s manufacturing strategy provides one example of how it is attempting to support that broader opportunity.

TechForce has a strategic supply and development agreement with Taiwan-based Jiun Jiang Enterprise Co., Ltd. Under the arrangement, the companies are evaluating up to approximately 100,000 square feet of additional manufacturing capacity across the United States and Taiwan.

Nightfood has also previously announced a nonbinding letter of intent to acquire a 51% controlling interest in JJ Enterprise through an all-stock transaction. If completed, the proposed transaction could further connect TechForce’s robotics business with additional manufacturing capabilities and capacity.

The pharmaceutical sector represents another avenue for the platform.

TechForce has advanced to Phase 2 of its joint development collaboration with Oncotelic Therapeutics, deploying its PUR E autonomous support robot at SAPU Bio’s OEB 5 sterile injectable cGMP facility.

The deployment follows the completion of Phase 1 objectives involving LIM-E, which was used to support materials logistics and internal transportation. Moving into a second phase gives TechForce an opportunity to continue developing its robotics technology within a highly controlled pharmaceutical manufacturing environment.

Beyond individual robotic systems, TechForce is also developing the connectivity layer intended to tie those machines together.

Its patent-pending Robotic Connective Network(TM) is designed to allow robotic fleets and connected devices to coordinate tasks across different systems. Rather than viewing each robot as a standalone piece of equipment, the technology is intended to create a broader software and connectivity layer around physical automation.

That becomes particularly relevant as the potential scale of deployments increases.

Through a letter of intent with Singapore-based NBR Intelligence Pte. Ltd., TechForce is evaluating a potential multi-site factory automation program with a planning target of up to 5,000 robotic systems.

The figure illustrates the potential scale of the opportunity, although it is important to distinguish potential deployment capacity from contracted business. Nightfood has emphasized that the quantities, pricing and schedule remain preliminary estimates and that the proposed program does not represent purchase orders, backlog or contracted revenue.

That distinction aside, the opportunity illustrates the type of larger-scale deployment that TechForce is positioning its platform to support as it expands into industrial automation.

At the same time, Nightfood is strengthening the corporate infrastructure behind the company’s expansion.

Nightfood has established an independent board majority and three standing committees, appointed Yury Pyatigorsky as chief financial officer and formed a six-member Industry Advisor Board with experience spanning business development, sales, operations and organizational leadership.

These developments come as TechForce works to expand on multiple fronts at once: developing robotic systems, building connectivity between machines, establishing additional manufacturing capacity and pursuing opportunities across several industries.

The broader strategy is therefore becoming less about deploying individual robots and more about building an integrated automation platform capable of operating across different environments.

For Nightfood Holdings, the next stage of the story will center on executing advancing development programs, converting potential opportunities into actual deployments and establishing the manufacturing and organizational infrastructure needed to support growth.

If TechForce can successfully scale those components together, the company’s addressable market could extend well beyond its original hospitality focus into pharmaceutical, semiconductor, industrial and other automation-intensive applications.

For more information, visit the company’s website at TechForceRobotics.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to NGTF are available in the company’s newsroom at http://ibn.fm/NGTF

Disseminated on behalf of Powermax Minerals Inc. (CSE: PMAX) (OTCQB: PWMXF) and may include paid advertising.

• The company has completed its 2026 field exploration program at the Cameron Rare Earth Element Project in British Columbia.
• The campaign generated 250 samples, comprising 50 rock-chip, 50 soil and 150 stream-sediment samples, all submitted to AGAT Laboratories for analysis.
• Assay results will help determine whether previously identified REE anomalies and geological observations warrant additional exploration.
• Cameron is part of a broader Powermax portfolio spanning Ontario and Wyoming, giving the company exposure to multiple North American REE districts.
• The company has also advanced exploration at Atikokan, Pinard, and Hopkins, broadening its pipeline of exploration targets during 2026.
• Powermax’s exploration activity comes as rare-earth supply chains remain geographically concentrated and governments in North America pursue greater domestic access to critical minerals.

Powermax Minerals (CSE: PMAX) (OTCQB: PWMXF), a Canadian mineral exploration company, has completed its 2026 field exploration campaign at the Cameron Rare Earth Element Project in British Columbia, shifting attention from fieldwork to laboratory analysis as the company works to establish whether previously identified rare-earth anomalies merit further exploration.

The July-August program covered priority areas across the approximately 2,984-hectare project and produced 250 samples. The dataset includes 50 rock-chip samples, 50 soil samples and 150 stream-sediment samples. Powermax has submitted the samples to AGAT Laboratories in Calgary, with results expected after laboratory analysis and the company’s quality-control and quality-assurance procedures.

The assays will provide quantitative information that can be compared with earlier geochemical results and geological observations, potentially helping Powermax refine targets for subsequent work.

Cameron had already produced evidence that justified the expanded field program. Earlier 2026 work reported Total Rare Earth Oxide values in soil samples ranging from approximately 135 parts per million to 2,840 ppm, with an average of about 340 ppm TREO. Several samples exceeded 400 ppm. The latest campaign was designed to broaden that dataset and improve the geological interpretation of the property.

Field teams encountered gneissic and granodioritic rocks, quartzite, pegmatitic material and quartz-veined or contact-zone material. Quartz, feldspar, biotite and muscovite were among the minerals observed, while localized oxidation and iron staining were also recorded. Those observations are useful for geological mapping, but they are not equivalent to laboratory assays. Similarly, handheld radiometric measurements collected at selected locations serve as field-screening tools rather than direct measurements of REE concentrations.

Cameron’s exploration is one part of a broader portfolio strategy. Powermax currently identifies four principal REE projects: Atikokan and Pinard in Ontario, Cameron in British Columbia and Ogden Bear Lodge in Wyoming. The company holds options to acquire the Canadian properties and owns a 100% interest in Ogden Bear Lodge.

Atikokan represents the largest Canadian land position in the portfolio. The project covers approximately 9,416 hectares in northwestern Ontario. Earlier airborne magnetic and radiometric surveys identified multiple exploration targets associated with geological structures, granitic and pegmatitic rocks and radiometric anomalies.

Powermax has continued expanding its exploration pipeline in Ontario. In June, the company commenced airborne geophysical surveys and field programs at the Pinard and Hopkins properties, using magnetic, radiometric spectrometric and VLF-EM data to help identify geological structures and potential REE targets.

The company also owns the 184-hectare Ogden Bear Lodge property in Crook County, Wyoming. The 22-claim property sits within the Bear Lodge district and shares a border with Rare Element Resources’ Bear Lodge Critical Rare Earth Project. Powermax describes its property as prospective for neodymium-praseodymium oxide mineralization, although mineralization on neighboring properties does not establish the presence or grade of mineralization on Powermax’s ground.

The geographic spread gives Powermax exposure to two major North American mining jurisdictions while allowing exploration results from individual properties to inform the broader portfolio. It also places the company within a market increasingly shaped by supply-chain considerations.

Rare earth elements used in permanent magnets are particularly important to electric motors, wind turbines and other advanced technologies. McKinsey estimates that demand for magnetic REEs could rise from 59,000 tonnes in 2022 to 176,000 tonnes by 2035. Its analysis also found that the currently announced project pipeline could leave a potential shortfall of roughly 60,000 tonnes by 2035, although market outcomes will depend on new mine development, processing capacity, substitution and recycling.

Supply concentration remains another consideration. McKinsey reported that China accounted for more than 60% of mined REE supply and more than 80% of refined supply in 2023. Recent export restrictions on certain medium and heavy rare earths have added to efforts by other countries to develop more resilient supply chains.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.PowermaxMinerals.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to PWMXF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/PWMXF

Exploration Target Cautionary Statement

The exploration targets discussed are conceptual, and there is currently not enough data to confirm a mineral resource. Further exploration may not yield successful results.

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) and may include paid advertising.

• Recent tests conducted by SPARC AI matter because vision-dependent navigation is one of the most common alternatives to GPS currently in use.
• The company’s Overwatch platform enables a drone to send the sensor and telemetry data it generates to SPARC AI’s servers through an API.
• The vision-free approach also shapes how Overwatch fits into a drone’s existing setup.

Most technologies built to help drones navigate without GPS still lean heavily on cameras, matching what the aircraft sees against preloaded maps or terrain imagery. That approach can work in daylight and clear skies, but it tends to break down at night, when the air is filled with smoke or dust, over open water or across featureless desert and snow. Those are exactly the conditions where a GPS-denied backup is needed most, which makes the weakness a serious one. SPARC AI (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) just put that weakness to a direct test. The company covered a test drone’s camera lens completely, flew it through a structured flight pattern and had its Overwatch Positioning Network calculate accurate target coordinates using nothing but the aircraft’s existing flight telemetry. 

The test matters because vision-dependent navigation is one of the most common alternatives to GPS currently in use. Researchers have proposed methods that pair a drone’s monocular camera with its inertial sensors to detect GPS spoofing, an approach that can work in a controlled demonstration but depends on the camera having something usable to see. When visibility drops, so does the reliability of that method.

Modern conflict zones have made this limitation more than an academic concern. GPS jamming and spoofing have become routine tools in electronic warfare, and security researchers have documented cases where a drone’s video feed looks completely normal while its reported coordinates are entirely wrong. A navigation method that only works when the camera has a clear, matchable view is of limited use in the vital moments when jamming or spoofing is most likely to be happening.

This gap is what Overwatch is designed to close. A drone using the service sends the sensor and telemetry data it already generates to SPARC AI’s servers through an API, and the network calculates the aircraft’s position before sending back latitude, longitude and time in roughly a third of a second. According to the company, the service requires no new hardware, no new software installed on the aircraft and no modification to the airframe.

The September flight tests were designed specifically to confirm that this calculation does not secretly depend on the camera working. With the lens fully obscured for the entire flight, Overwatch’s API still returned accurate target coordinates computed from telemetry alone. SPARC AI says the results confirm a core design principle of the platform: The positioning calculation uses no image recognition software and no pre-loaded reference imagery of any kind.

That distinction carries a practical benefit beyond raw reliability. Because no imagery is ever captured, transmitted or processed by the Overwatch service, no visual data leaves the aircraft when the system is used in the field. Combined with a stateless design that does not retain customer telemetry or location data once a position has been returned, this simplifies the security review process for defense and government customers who are often wary of data exposure.

The vision-free approach also shapes how Overwatch fits into a drone’s existing setup. Because its only inputs are telemetry that virtually every commercial flight controller already produces and its output looks identical to a standard GPS fix, drone manufacturers can integrate the SPARC AI API without redesigning the aircraft or its autonomy software. 

The company has already built integrations with PX4 and ArduPilot, the autopilot systems that power a large share of the world’s fielded drones. Consequently, Overwatch can be deployed as a backup that activates only when GPS is degraded, blended continuously alongside existing sensors, or used as the primary position source in denied environments.

The blindfolded flight tests offer a concrete answer to a question that matters increasingly across defense, public safety and commercial drone operations alike: What happens when the systems a drone normally depends on stops working. By showing that Overwatch’s positioning holds up with no camera input at all, SPARC AI is making the case that resilience shouldn’t hinge on any single sensor working correctly. As GPS interference becomes more common rather than less, that kind of redundancy may end up mattering more than any individual feature. 

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) and may include paid advertising.

• Overwatch returns latitude, longitude, and time in roughly a third of a second with no additional hardware or software onboard the aircraft.
• Ukrainian drone manufacturers producing at a scale of millions of units have been invited to connect to the network as SPARC AI’s primary delivery model.
• Darren Wolfe, who grew a U.S. Department of State portfolio from approximately US$5–8 million to US$79 million in under three years, now leads the company’s federal and public safety sales effort.

GPS is a one-way broadcast. A receiver listens, and when the signal is jammed or spoofed it has no recourse. In contested airspace that failure is now routine, while conventional alternatives carry their own deployment burden: hardware, onboard compute, or software that must be installed, integrated, tested, and maintained on each individual aircraft. For an operator fielding a few dozen drones, that is a project. For a country producing millions, it is a wall. SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) (Frankfurt: 5OV0) is treating the problem as infrastructure rather than equipment.

On August 25, 2026, SPARC AI launched the Overwatch Positioning Network, a live service that gives drones their position when satellite navigation is jammed, spoofed, or unavailable. Two days later, the company granted restricted share units to Darren Wolfe, the executive charged with taking that service into the U.S. federal market.

Moving the Computation Off the Aircraft

Overwatch inverts where the work happens. The aircraft sends the telemetry it already generates to Overwatch over an API and receives latitude, longitude, and time in roughly a third of a second. No additional hardware or software is installed onboard. All processing runs in memory inside secure data centers, and no customer telemetry or location data is retained.

The returned data matches the basic output of a GPS fix, allowing Overwatch to complement the drone’s existing navigation system rather than replace it. The aircraft continues using whatever it was designed to use, whether GNSS, inertial, or visual, and requests a position from Overwatch when another source is needed. The API is the integration surface: a manufacturer connects telemetry to an endpoint rather than fitting another payload or proprietary software package to every airframe.

Behind that API sits a four-layer stack of terrain elevation models, telemetry models, machine-learned refinement, and proprietary solvers. The stack never leaves the data center, so the company’s intellectual property is never exported to customer aircraft.

Scaling in Data Centers, Not in Hangars

Conventional GPS-denied navigation repeats its deployment burden across every airframe, fleet, and new customer. Overwatch instead replicates across multiple geographic data-center regions, with compute scaling automatically as the number of connected aircraft grows. Adding a thousand drones means adding server capacity, not shipping and fitting a thousand kits. For governments that require it, a sovereign instance can run inside classified infrastructure. The commercial model follows suit: an annual fee per connected drone or a whole-of-government service fee.

Ukraine as Proving Ground

Ukraine manufactures drones at a scale of millions of units in a heavily contested electronic environment. SPARC AI has existing engagements with Ukrainian drone manufacturers and other stakeholders, and those parties have been invited to access the Overwatch network as the company’s primary delivery model. The next step is validation at operational volume, which SPARC AI believes will support expansion into other allied markets.

Company staff are also attending MSPO in Poland, the largest defense exhibition in Central and Eastern Europe, beginning September 8. Meetings are scheduled with several European drone OEMs, and further announcements concerning network expansion are expected from the event.

Building the U.S. Federal Channel

Darren Wolfe, Director Sales, Federal & Public Safety, is building SPARC AI’s pipeline across U.S. federal agencies and state and local public safety operators whose unmanned programs depend on positioning that survives jamming. He has more than 20 years of experience in federal defense, homeland security, and public safety sales.

At Noble, he grew the Department of State portfolio from approximately US$5–8 million to US$79 million in under three years and led captures including a US$90 million blanket purchase agreement alongside counter-UAS, border security, and unmanned systems awards. His background spans CBRNE, C5ISR, procurement, and export licensing. His 100,000 RSUs vests in four equal tranches from February 2027 through August 2029.

A Market That Repeats Itself

Every nation faces the same problem across agencies, from search and rescue and border patrol to critical infrastructure and joint operations. SPARC AI counts roughly 170 sovereign geographies and more than 20,000 agencies in that addressable base. The pathway is straightforward: validate in Ukraine, grow the network as OEMs connect, then monetize per drone and per sovereign instance.

The company has not yet published accuracy or error-radius figures, making performance at operational volume in Ukraine an important test. If that performance supports the architecture, Overwatch will have moved GPS-denied positioning off individual aircraft and into the network.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF